定语从句用法小结(精选3篇)

1定语从句用法小结
2定语从句用法小结
3定语从句的用法小结

关系代词可作主语宾语定语关系副词可作状语，先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时引导定语从句用，当先行词前面有等疑问代词时只用，过去的许多运动项目同现在的一样。

定语从句用法小结2017-11-12 11:30:58 | #1楼回目录

定语从句

一、概念

定语从句在从句中起定语作用，修饰句中的某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词(Antecedent)。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which,who,whom（宾格），whose（所有格）和关系副词where(=介词+which),when(=介词+which),why(=for+which)等。

关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

The fish (which) we bought wes not fresh.

The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.

We lived in a house whose window faces south

I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

This is the reason why he came late.

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. （非限制性定语从句，不用that）

二、难点与考点归纳

1. that 和 which

（1）相同点

这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语时都可省略。

The train that ( which ) has just left is for Shanghai. (作主语)

The film that (which) we saw last night is wonderful. (作宾语，可省略)

（2）用that，不用which的情况

①先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词或由不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不用 which。

②先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时, 引导定语从句用that 。 ③先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that 。

④先行词被the very, the only等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。

⑤当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用that。

⑥当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

（3）用which，不用that的情况

①指物，介词后。

②用于非限制定语从句中

△ 用that 或者which完成下边句子。

1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand?

2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.

3) Who is the man _____ is standing there?

4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.

5) She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.

6)China is not the country _____ it was.

7) This was one of the most interesting books _____ were sold in this book store.

8) They were talking about the persons and things _____ they saw in the factory.

2. the way用做先行词 (三种填法)

The way _____________________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.

3. 介词+ which (指物)，介词+whom（指人）

1）. Do you know the boy _____ ____ your mother is talking?

2）. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.

3）. I still remember the day _____ ____ I first got to Paris.

结论:介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.

4. as的用法

（1）as引导限制性定语从句通常构成such...as或the same...as固定搭配，as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。

I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.(作______)

Many of the sports were the same as they are now.过去的许多运动项目同现在的一样。(作_____ )

Repeat this as often as is necessary. (作_____)

（2）such…that…与such…as

“such…that…”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such…as…”表“像……这样的……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等。

He is such an honest man that we respect him.

他是一个如此诚实的人以至于我们都尊敬他。

He is such an honest man as we respect.

他像我们所尊敬的这种诚实的人。

（3）the same…that…与the same as

“the same…that…”表同一人或物，而“the same…as…”表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子：

This is the same book that I lost. 这就是我丢失那本书。（指同一本书）

This is the same book as I lost. 这本书跟我丢失那本书一模一样。（并不是原来的那一本）

（4）as 引导非限制性定语从句

as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，可以用来代替一个句子或单词，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。

The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month.

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to everybody.

注意：as 跟which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：as有具体意思，which没有；which不用于句首。

5.一些特殊词之后的where

where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。

1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.

我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。

2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.

国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。

解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。

三、综合考察

1：定语从句与强调句

1）This is the library_______ I borrowed the book.

2）It is from this library_______I borrowed the book.

2：定语从句与同位语从句

1）We all have heard the news_____ our team won.

2）We don’t believe the news _________ he told us yesterday.

注意：定语从句的that在从句中充当成分，同位语从句的that不充当成分，且不能省略。同位语从句是对前面名词的解释说明，定语从句是对前面名词的修饰。

3：定语从句与表语从句

The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏）

A. which; where B. at which; which

C. at which; where D. which; in which

四、实战演练

1、对比练习

1. We should go to the place_____ we are most needed.

We should go to the place_____ needs us most.

A. itB. whereC. thatD. what

2. It was October_____we met in Damiao for the first time.

It was in October_____we met inDamiao for the first time.

A. that B. whichC. whenD. while

3. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like him.

He is such a good teacher_____ we all like.

A. whomB. thatC. as D. which

4. The news came____ the British Queen’s mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, ____ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.

A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as

2. 单项选择

1．The English play __________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.

A. for which B. at whichC. in whichD. on which

2． Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, __________, of course, made the others envy him.

A. whoB. that C. what D. which

3． If a shop has chairs __________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.

A. that B. whichC. when D. where

4．Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.

A. who ;不填 B. 不填 ; who C. who ;whoD. 不填; 不填

5．The Beatles,________many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

A. what B. that C. how D. as

6. Some pre-school children go to a day care center,____ they learn simple games and songs.

A. thenB. thereC. whileD. where

7．The book was written in 1946, ____ the education system has witnessed great changes.

A．whenB．during which C．since thenD．since when

8. The Science Museum, ________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.

A. which B. what C. thatD. where

9. Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

10. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _______appeared a rare rainbow soon.

A. of which B. on whichC. from whichD. above which

3、用定语从句改写下边句子,并用正确的顺序重新排列句子组成一篇短文。

1. Dr Bethune was born in Gravenhurst, Ontario, Canada. His grandfather was also a well-known doctor. (whose)

2. Eethune was shocked by the terrible life of the poor children. He created a free art school for children in Montreal. ( for whom)

3.After graduation Bethune moved to Montreal. He gave free medical care to poor people there. (where)

4. Dr Bethune died from blood poisoning in 1939 and was buried in Shijiazhuang. It is a long way from his homeland. (which)

5. Bethune left for China in 1938. At that time the war between China and Japan was under way. (when)

6. After Norman Bethune died Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article. Chairman Mao praised Bethune’s excellent qualities in this article. (in which)

7. Henry Norman Bethune was a Canadian doctor. He is known as “Bai Qiu-en” in China. (who)

正确的排列顺序：_____________________________________

4、用定语从句改写下边短文。

Our clais a big family ; It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him.

5、翻译下边句子。

1、我们上到屋顶，从那里我们可以欣赏到这个城市的美景。（where, have a good view of）

2、Jim是我的外教，从他身上我学到了很多东西。(from whom)

3、我喜欢窗子朝南的房子。

4、妈妈给我买了台电脑作为生日礼物，这正是我所渴望的。（which, long for）

5、掌握一门外语是有用的，这是大家公认的。

定语从句用法小结2017-11-12 11:32:15 | #2楼回目录

用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句用来修饰名词或者代词，起说明或者限定作用，放在所修饰的名词或者代词（即先行词）之后。从连接手段来看，定语从句有三种连接手段1）关系代词：that, which ,who whom ,whose

2)关系副词：where , when, why ;3)as, the same~~as, such as.从功能上看，定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。下面我们从这四个方面来详细总结定语从句的用法，希望对同学们的学习有所帮助。

一．关系代词引导的定语从句

1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词。

代替人代替物代替人或物

主语 Whowhich that

主语 Whom which that

宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)

例１：I like music that I can dance to.

例２：Tony likes music that has great lyrics.

例３：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

例４：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

例5: This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.

例6: This is the detective who came from London.

２．关系代词的用法

(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none

等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。

如：All the people that are present burst into tears.

所有在场的人都流下了眼泪。

(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some,

very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。

(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。

如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom,are well educated.

大约有七百万人参加了选举，其中大部分都受过良好的教育。

(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句

所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。

如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他在竞赛中胜利了，这使他的父母非常高兴。

(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制

性定语从句中。

(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是

有种特征，品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。

(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集

体中的各个成员，则用who。

(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。

如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

画面里的男孩和狗都很可爱。

(9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关

系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。

如： Is there anyone here who will go with you?

有人和你一起去吗？

３．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构

(1) “介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从

句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that。

(2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。

如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.

我们站在山顶，从那里可以看到城镇。

(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，

在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。

如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

这是那个她悉心照料的男孩。

二．关系副词引导的定语从句

1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句

关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当

时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。

2. that可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因

That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地

点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。

三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1．二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。

2．关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语．宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。

3. 先行词与定语从句隔离

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。

如：He was the only person in this country who was invited.

他是这个国家唯一一个被邀请的人。

四．As在定语从句中的用法

1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。

如：The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.

我们都能看到，大象的鼻子像一条蛇。

2．As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

如： As is expected, the England team won the football match.

就像大家所期望的那样，英格兰队赢得了那场足球比赛

定语从句的用法小结2017-11-12 11:30:34 | #3楼回目录

由关系代词或关系副词引导的句子，用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词，这个从句起定语作用，叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般跟在先行词的后面。

定语从句的构成方法是：关系代词或关系副词 + 陈述句语序。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系代词有双重功能，一方面代表前面所修饰的先行词，把从句和先行词连接起来；另一方面引出从句，并在从句中充当某种成分。例如：无家可归的人数多达25万

2.听起来就好象是在我的房子底下行驶的一列火车。

一、定语从句的种类

定语从句的种类有两种：一种是限定性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clause);另一种是非限制性定语从句（Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause）。

一）、限定性定语从句使修饰的词，代表一个、一些或一类特定的人或物。这种定语从句和被修饰的词构成了一个完整的意思，定语从句不能随便去掉，否则剩下的部分就会失去意义、意思不完整、不能说明问题、甚至会显得莫名其妙，不知所云而不能成立。主句和从句一般翻译成一句话。例如：

想去的人请在这里签名。

（如果去掉定语从句，该句的意思便不清楚了。）你可以拿任何你喜欢的东西。

二）、非限制性定语从句是对所修饰的词作进一步说明，去掉之后，其他部分意思仍然清楚，非限制性定语从句需要用逗号与主句隔开。主句和从句一般翻译成两句话。例如：那是很重要的（考试）。

二、常见关系代词的用法

一）、关系代词who, whom或that。当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人时，用who, whom或that，关系代词在从句中作主语时用who或that；作宾语时用whom或that。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的数取决于先行词的数。例如：他就是那个在地震中幸存的孩子吗？(that可以代替who指人，但多用who)

2. Here is the man 这就是你一直在找的人。

第 1 页共 4 页

（whom\that\who代替the man在从句中作look for的宾语）

3. Those people are applicants for the job.

老板面试的那些人是这份工作的申请者

注意：当关系代词作宾语时，可以用whom、that或who，也可以省略，但当关系代词紧跟在介词之后，作介词宾语时，一般用whom。

二）、关系代词which和that，当定语从句所修饰的先行词是物时，用关系代词which或that。which和that可以在从句中充当主语，也可以充当宾语。关系代词作宾语时，可以省略，尤其在口语中。 onto the one below.

一条像桥似的建立在另一条路上方的宽阔而车辆川流不息的马路坍塌到下面的马路上。（that\which作主语代替先行词a wide and busy road）你借给我的书非常有趣。

三）、关系代词whose既可用于指人的先行词，又可以用于指物的先行词，whose在定语从句作定语，这时不能用which。

1. The missing pilot is known as a hero of our country.

失踪的名叫王伟的飞行员被认为是我们国家的英雄。那把腿坏了的椅子被修好了。

四）、非限制性定语从句引导词，用which指物，who指人，不能用that，而且从句与主句之间用逗号隔开。一个临时保姆一个小时照看三个孩子可以挣六十元钱。（只能用who,非限制性定语从句不能用that）他考上了大学使他父母很高兴。（非限制性定语从句不能用that, which指前面整个句子）

三、关系代词在指物时，只能用that,不能用which的情况。

一）、当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时。把你知道的一切都告诉我吧。他告诉了我们他所做的一切。

二）、当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some修饰时。（由于先行词glasses被all修饰，所以定语从句关系代词只能用that）第 2 页共 4 页

三）、当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时。四）、当先行词被序数词修饰时。五）、当先行词既包含人，又包含物时。

The generals complained that the Defence Department had not sent the extra 六）、当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时。

用that,不用which避免重复。)

类推：Who is the man that was talking to you? (用that,不用who避免重复。)

七）、当先行词在定语从句作表语时，无论先行词是人还是物。四、关系代词指物时，只用which, 不用的that情况

一）、关系代词在从句中作介词宾语，并且介词提到关系代词前时，只能用which,但当介词在从句句尾时，两者皆可。

二）、在非限制性定语从句中，用which不能用that。非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开。注意，当关系代词作look after, look for等不能拆开使用的及物动词短语的宾语时，介词不可以提前。例如：

（此时for不可以提至which之间） (which 作介词宾语或在非限制定语从句中不能省略)

五、引导定语从句的常见关系副词when, where和why的用法

一）、当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词时，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语。也可以用：介词 + which 来代替when。 (when或on which相当于on that day, 在从句中作状语。) 二）、当定语从句修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词时，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语。也可以用：介词 + which 来代替where。三）、当定语从句修饰的先行词是表示原因的名词时，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语。也可以用：介词 + which 来代替why。 2. I don’六、定语从句应避免的错误

一）、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词要与先行词的性、数、格保持一致。

本句的先行词是books,因此was应改为were。

本句先行词是one，定语从句的谓语应用单数动词has。

本句的先行词是I ,因此is应改为am。

二）、定语从句中重复了关系代词或关系副词所替代的部分。（去掉it）

应去掉it，因为关系代词that代替先行词the most beautiful place在定语从句中作visited的宾语，再加it就是多余的了。去掉there)

我所工作的学校是一所著名的学校。（应去掉there,因为where引导定语从句，又在从句中代替in the school作状语, 再加there就是多余的了。

三)、省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。

The tomatoes ∧ were on table were given to you. (∧处应该加that) 关系代词that 在从句中作主语，不能省略。

四）、关系代词省略与否的规则如下：

1、关系代词作主语不能省略。

2、作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词的宾语的关系代词，如不直接位于介词之后可以省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，即：介词 + 关系代词，不能省略。