以上三处是现在分词作表语不可与主语互换位置，动名词前的介词有时可以省略如，部分动词后面既可接动词不定式也可接动名词作宾语意义不变，后接不定式表示现在或未来的动作接动名词表示动作已经发生。
动名词用法小结
动名词定式用法小结
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“动词原形+ ing”。形式上与现在分词一样，但与现在分词有很大区别。动名词既具有动词特点，又具有名词特点。 动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一、作主语
1、动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。例如： Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.
考试作弊毁坏人的性格。
2、动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is "和"There is "两种句式来表示。例如：等他是没有用的。 这种事开不得玩笑。
3、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如：
It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象)
He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)
4、在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换： 当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如：Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.
5、动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替： It’s no use doing …It’s no good doing…
It’s a waste of time doing …
二、作表语
1、动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：
动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。如： My job is looking after the children.=Looking after the children is my job.=Serving the people is our duty.
以上两处是动名词作表语，可以和主语互换位置，不影响句子的基本含义。
2、现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very, quite等副词来修饰，如： 形势是值得鼓励的。 以上三处是现在分词作表语，不可与主语互换位置。
3、动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别：
动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；
不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较： 三、作宾语
1、能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid、consider、advise、dislike、enjoy、excuse、finish、give up、can’t help、keep (on)、(don’t )mind、miss、practice、go on、suggest等。另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：begin、forget、hate、like、plan、prefer、remember、start、 try、stop、need、can’t afford等。
(1) 动名词跟在及物动词后做宾语。例如：(2) 动名词跟在介词后面作宾语。例如：
I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
Thank you for offering me so much help.
He is fond of watching sports-games.
(3) 下列动词后的动名词虽然是被动意义，但不用被动语态：
Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。
This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。
The problem requires studying carefully .这个问题需要认真研究。
The trees want watering .这些树需要浇水了。
四、作定语
动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于的”或表示“处于某件事情中的”含义。例如：
swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料
walking stick 手杖opening speech 开幕词
listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室
running water 自来水 developing countries 发展中国家
working people 劳动人民 sleeping child 熟睡孩子
五、作状语
动名词（短语）可以和about, against, at, before, after, by, for, besides, from, in, on, upon, without等介词构成短语，在句中作状语，如：
动名词用法小结
1、动名词作主语
（1）动名词直接置于主语的位置
Learning without practice is no good.
Reading aloud is a practical method in learning a language.
（2）动名词作主语时，也常用It句式。如：
①It's +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing…
It's no good reading in dim light.
It's no use sitting here waiting.
It is a waste of arguing with him.
②It's＋形容词＋doing
It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.
这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构，应用不定式 代替，如：It'simportant for you to keep fit.
(3)动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别
①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如：
It's no good eating too much fat.
It's no good for you to eat so much fat.
②动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如：
It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.
2、动名词作宾语
（1)以下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语，如：
admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don't mind,giveup,insist,on, put off等 例如：
I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health.
Have you finished writing your report?
(2)动名词作介词的宾语
I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.
What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?
动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：
havenotrouble(in)doing,
lose no time(in)doing,
prevent/stop…(from)doing,
等。
(3)有些动词短语后面也跟动名词作宾语，常见的有：
Give up, put off, set about, can't help, keep on , insist on , devote to , look forward to, be used to(习惯于...),等
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Dora keeps on learning chinese every day.
(4)部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如：
begin,continue,start,hate,like,love等。
在下列情况下，一般要用不定式：
①hate, like, love前有would(should)时，如：I'd like to have a cup of coffee.
②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. ③begin, continue, start与know, understand等状态动词连用时，如：I soon began to understand what was happening.
(4)advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。即：
Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.
Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.
They don't allow smoking in their room.
They don't allow me to smoking in their room.
(5)部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。
①forget, remember, regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如
Don't forget fo post the letter for me.
Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?
Remember to close the windows before you leave.
I remember writing him a letter a year ago.
We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting.
I regretted buying these dresses online.
②mean 打算做某事
意味着……
I meant to catch up with the early bus.
Missing a bus in London means waiting for another hour.
③try设法尽力做某事
doing 试着做某事
You should try to overcome your shortcomings.
Try working out the physics problem in another way.
④stop停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）
停止做某事
On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.
You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.
⑤can't help 禁不篆…
to do不能帮助干……
They couldn't help jumping up at the news.
Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I can't help to make up the room for you.
⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事
doing 继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续
He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势。
We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world.
(6)动词need, want, require作需要讲时，后接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，表达相同的意义。The trees need/ want/ require watering.
3、动名词作表语
动名词作表语时动名词作表语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，或说明主语的内容。 例如：
My job/hobby is painting
The food smells inviting.
The only that interests her is dancing.
4、动名词作定语
动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途或使用目的。
a swimming pool= a pool for swimming
the waiting room = a room for waiting
5、动名词的复合结构
带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词、名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。
（1）动名词的复合结构为“my/名词所有格+doing”例如：Her going there won't do any harm.
Mary's refusing made us surprised.
（2）在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格代替，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样用。
Do you mind opening the window?
Do you mind me/my opening the window？
（3）动名词复合结构可用于以引导词there引起的句子中。
I've been told of there being some difficulties.
The teacher complained of there being too much noise in his lesson.
There being a shop in our school is a great advantage. 这儿有个商店真是太方便了。
高一必修2动名词和不定式作宾语用法小结
1. 只可以用不定式作宾语的动词，口诀如下：
决心学会想希望（decide/determine,learn,want,hope/wish/expect）
拒绝设法愿假装（refuse，manage/attempt,care,pretend）
主动答应选计目（offer，promise，choose，plan,aim）
同意请求帮一帮（agree，ask/beg,help）
2. 只可以用动名词作宾语的动词，口诀如下：
实践完成允许想，（practise,finish,allow/permit,imagine）
建议考虑禁逃亡，(suggest/advise,consider,forbid,escape)
忍受避免去冒险，(stand,avoid,risk)
喜不喜欢错过认介意。(enjoy/appreciate,dislike,miss,admit,mind)
3. 既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语，意义差别大的动词，口诀如下:
一记二忘三遗憾四试五图六停继。
Remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）
Remember doing记得做过某事（已做）
Forget to do忘了做某事（未做）
Forget doing忘记做了某事（已做）
Regret to do遗憾地做某事
Regret doing后悔做过某事
Try to do尽力做某事
Try doing试着做某事
Mean to do意欲做某事
Mean doing意味着，意思是
Stop to do停下来开始做某事
Stop doing停止正在做的事
Go on to do继续做另一件事
Go on doing继续做同一件事
4. 既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语意义差别不太大，动名词表示习惯性行为，不定式表
示具体的某一次动作，这类动词有立刻，love，prefer，like,hate,begin,start,continue等。
5. 动词need,want,require作“需要”讲时，主语是物时，后面既可跟动名词主动形式也可
跟不定式的被动形式。
6. 单个介词或以介词结尾的动词短语后面要跟动名词，如：give up,look forward to,put off,
get/be used to,feel like,pay attention to,be fond of,be crazy about,be tired of, be good at, get down to, lead to,stick to,devote to, refer to,come to,succeed in, be busy( in),have difficulty (in)
7. 有些短语动词后要跟动名词作宾语，如can’t help,can’t stand,be worth等。
8. 介词but后可跟不定式作宾语，but前面如果有do的适当形式其后面接动词原形，反之
接带to的不定式。如:He had nothing to do but lie down to sleep . He had no choice but to lie down to sleep.
9. 练一练
1）-The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot___.
A turning it offB turn it off
C to turn it off D having turned it off
2)It’s cold,would you___closing the window?
A helpB wantC likeD mind
3)Do you ___having a cup of tea?
A prefer to B feel like
C look forward D like to
4）One learns a language by making mistakes and ___them.
AcorrectBcorrecting
CcorrectsDto correct
5）The enemy had no choice but ____.
A surrender Bsurrendering
C to surrenderDhaving to surrender
6)We have carefully studied your terms,but regret____that we can not accept them.
A saying Bto say
C to have sayDsaid
7)I would not consider ____abroad at this time of this year.
A of going B going
C to goD to going
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