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宾语从句和定语从句

时间:2021-07-05 11:23:07 英语 我要投稿

宾语从句和定语从句

  英语中,宾语从句,定语从句一直是一个比较难区分的英语语法。以下是要给大家介绍的宾语从句和定语从句,欢迎各位的参考!

  宾语从句

  (一) 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语.宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略.当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的 影响,按需要可以使用任何时态.如:She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她说她从周一至周五上班.(从句是一般现在时) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条.(从句是一般将来时) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山.(从句是现在完成时) 当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态.如:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课.(从句是一般过去时) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿.(从句是过去将来时) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会.(从句是过去进行时) *当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时.如:The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人.She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她说她父亲比她大二十八岁.He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光传播比声音传播快得多.

  (二) 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句.引出名词性从句的连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同.但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,而whether除了引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.例如:We don't know whether (if) it is right.我们不知道它是否正确.The question is whether she should do that.问题在于她是否应该做那件事.Whether it is true remains a question.是真是假还是个问题.试比较:当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句.例如:I don't know if it is true.我不知道这事是否真实.当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句.例如:I shall go there if I have time.如果我有时间,我将到那儿去.

  定语从句

  (Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.

  关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which等.

  关系副词有:when,where,why等.

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.

  1)who,whom,that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

  他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

  他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书.

  3)which,that

  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的`繁荣.(which / that在句中作主语)

  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语)

  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.

  1)when,where,why

  关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:

  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.

  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.

  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

  2)that代替关系副词

  that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:

  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.

  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.

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