中考英语考点复习：易用错的不定代词
有些不定代词的中文含义很接近，但在英语中使用时却有很大区别。比如：
1.both和all的用法
(1)相同之处
A.两个词都可以指代人和物。
They are both in Class Ten.(指人)
他们俩都在十班。
I don't know which book is better. I shall read both. (指物)
我不知道哪一本好一些。这两本我都要读。
All are agreed.(指人)
全体赞成。
He gave all he had.(指物)
他倾其所有。
B.两个词都具有名词性质和形容词性质。
There are two young men in the room. Both are in twenties.(名词性)
屋子里有两个年青人。俩人都二十几岁。
Both her children go to the same school.(形容词性)
她的两个孩子在同一个学校读书。
All are gone. (名词性)
大家都走了。
All roads lead to Rome. (形容词性)
条条大路通 罗马。
C.两个词在句子中都可以充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。
Both (of them) like popular songs. (主语)
(他们)两人都喜欢流行歌曲。
All of us are sick. (主语)
我们全都病了。
I'll take both of them with me.(宾语)
他们两个我全带去。
I want all of you to do well. (宾语)
我要你们所有的人都好好干。
Both men are interested in the job.(定语)
两个人都对这项工作感兴趣。
We worked hard all year. (定语)
我们整年辛勤工作。
They both like China very much.(同位语)
他们俩都非常喜爱中国。
They all agreed to stay. (同位语)
他们都同意留下。
D.两个词都可以与of连用。
I want to buy both of the books.
这两本书我都想要买。
It'll cost all of $500.
它要花费整整500 美元。
(2)不同之处
A.both只能指可数名词，表示两者。
Both of them are from Russia.
他们俩都来自俄罗斯。
I want both books.
这两本书我都要。
B.all既指可数名词，又指不可数名词。在指不可数名词时，表示三者或三者以上。
All agree your idea.
大家都同意你的想法。
All of the books are interesting.
这些书都很有趣。
但是，当all的意思是“一切”时，表示单数意义。
All is the same， just like ten years ago.
一切都没有变，就像十年前一样。
2.both，either和neither的用法
(1)相同之处
A.三个词都表示两者。
Both of them are my good friends.
他们俩都是我的'好朋友。
Either of the books will do.
两本书随便哪一本都可以。
Neither of the answers is right.
两个答案哪一个都不对。
B.三个词在句中都可以做主语、宾语和定语。
Both of the kites are broken.(主语)
两个风筝都坏了。
She hurt both of her feet.(宾语)
她伤了两只脚。
Both guests have arrived. (定语)
两个客人都已到了。
Which movie do you want to see? Either will be fine. (主语)
你想看哪一部电影?哪部都行。
There are two hammers here. You may use either. (宾语)
这儿有两把锤子。你可以随便用哪一把。
Either coat will be fine. (定语)
(穿)随便哪件衣服都行。
Neither of the twins is here. (主语)
那对双胞胎都不在这里。
Which of the books did you like? Neither (of them)! They were both boring. (宾语)
你喜欢哪本书?都不喜欢!两本都很乏味。
Neither shoe feels comfortable. (定语)
两只鞋都感觉不舒服。
(2)不同之处
A.三个词的含义不同。
both表示“两者都……”
either表示“两者中随便哪个都……”
neither表示“两者中哪个都不……”
B.三个词各自构成不同的固定短语。
Both Beijing and Shanghai are big cities.(both…and…)
北京和上海都是大城市。
Either this knife or that one will do.(either…or…)
这把或那把小刀都行。
The weather here is neither too hot nor too cold.(neither…nor…)
这儿的天气既不太热也不太冷。
C.both…and…结构用作主语时，谓语动词用复数;either…or…与neither…nor…结构用 作主语时，谓语动词的数由离其最近的名词决定。
Either that watch or these watches are made in Hong Kong.
要么那块手表要么这些手表是香港造的。
Neither my parents nor my sister likes swimming.
我父母亲和我妹妹都不喜欢游泳。
3.other和another的用法
(1)相同之处
A.两个词都具有名词性质和形容词性质，既可指人，也可指物。
I have two brothers. One is a teacher. The other is a doctor.(名词性质，指人)
我由两个哥哥。一个是老师，另一个是医生。
Where's my other glove?(形容词性质，指物)
我的另一只手套在哪儿?
She is going to have another baby. (形容词性质，指人)
她要添一个小孩了。
This shirt is too big; I'll try another. (名词性质，指物)
这件衬衫太大了，我再试一件。
B.两个词都可以与one搭配使用。
Both of them left. One took a taxi， and the other walked home.
他们俩都走了。一个人打车回家，另一个人则步行回家。
One boy was reading， another was writing， the third was singing.
一个男孩在读书，另一个在写字，第三个在唱歌。
(2)不同之处：other与the、my、your等连用，指两者中的“另一个”;another指多个中的“另一个”。
Open your other eye.
睁开你的另一只眼睛。
He is standing at the other side of the street.
他站在街道的另一边。
There are two foreigners in the office. One is from Japan and the other is from Korea.
办公室里有两个外国人。一个日本人，一个韩国人。(特指两个中的另一个)
Would you like another (orange)?
你还想要个(橘子)吗?
需要说明的是：others是another的复数形式，表示“另外的人或物”。
In the park， there are lots of students. Some are flying kites. Others are playing balls.
公园里有很多学生。有一些在放风筝，其他(一些)人在玩球。
In the park， there are lots of students. Some are flying kites. The others are playing balls.
公园里有很多学生。有一些在放风筝，其他人(都)在玩球。
4.every和each的用法
(1)相同之处
A.两个词都具有形容词性质，都可以用作定语，表示“每一个”。
We went jogging every day.
我们每天都慢跑。
Each boy has a basketball member card.
每个男孩都有一张篮球会员证。
B.两个词作主语的定语时，谓语动词都用单数。
Every /Each room is clean and tidy.
每个房间都很整洁。
(2)不同之处
A.each除了具有形容词性质之外，还具有名词性质，而every没有名词性质。
She gave two apples to each.
她给了每个人两个苹果。
Each is worse than the one before.
一个比一个差。
正是由于这个原因，each可以与of结构搭配，而every不能。
each of us(√)
every of us(×)
each of the children(√)
every of the children(×)
B.each强调个体，而every 强调整体。
He can get up for about two hours each day.
他每天都可以起床活动大约两个小时。
He has already been to nearly every country.
他已经到过几乎所有国家。
5.some和any的用法
(1)相同之处：这两个词都具有形容词性质和名词性质，都可代替和修饰可数名词和不可数名词，意思是“一些、若干”。
(2)不同之处
A.some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。
I have some questions.
我有些问题。
I don't have any questions.
我没有问题。
Do you have any questions?
你有问题吗?
If you have any questions， put up your hands.
如果你有问题，请举手。
B.在表示邀请、请求、建议等的疑问句中，用some.
Would you like some orange juice?
你想要点橙汁吗?
Will you please give me some cookies?
请给我一些饼干。
C.some可以表示“某一个”。
He went to some place in Africa.
他到非洲某地去了。
D.Some还可以表示“大约” ，通常用于数字前。
Some 40 people took part in the meeting.
大约有40个人参加了会议。
That was some twenty years ago.
那大约是20年前。
E.any还可以用于肯定句，意思是“任一的，每一的”和“任何一个(或一些)人”。
You can buy sugar at any big store.
你可以在任何大商店里买到糖。
It is not yet known to any.
这事目前谁也不知道。
6.some(-thing，-body，-one)和any(-thing，-body，-one)的用法
(1)相同之处：这些代词都具有名词性质，表示“某人”、“某物”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
(2)不同之处
A.some (-thing， -body， -one) 多用于肯定句，any (-thing， -body， -one)多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。
Somebody lost his/her coat.
有人丢失了外套。
I don't need anything.
我什么都不需要。
Do you need anything?
你需要什么吗?
If you want anything， call me.
你要是需要什么，就叫我。
B.在表示邀请、请求、建议等的疑问句中，用some (-thing， -body， -one)。
Would you like something to drink?
你要点喝的吗?
Will someone go and get a bottle of water?
谁去拿瓶水来?
C.any (-thing， -body， -one) 可以用于肯定句，表示“任何事”或“任何人”。
We would do anything for her.
为了她，我们什么都可以干。
Anybody can join us.
任何人都可以参加。
7.many和much的用法
(1)相同之处：many和much都具有形容词性质和名词性质，表示“许多”，主要用作定语。
The hen laid many eggs.
母鸡下了很多蛋。
Take as much milk as you want.
牛奶你要多少就拿多少。
注意：not many相当于few.not much相当于little.
(2)不同之处
A.many用来修饰可数名词，much用来修饰不可数名词。
Are there many birds in the sky?
天空中鸟多吗?
Is there much water in the bottle?
瓶子中水多吗?
B.How many用于询问可数名词的量有多少;
How much用于询问不可数名词的量有多少;
How much还可用于询问价钱和金额。
How many bananas are in the basket?
篮子里有多少香蕉?
How much beef do you want?
你想要(买)多少牛肉?
How much did you pay for the pork?
这些猪肉你付了多少钱?
How much are these apples?
这些苹果多少钱?
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