2015职称英语卫生类C级考试真题及答案
第二篇 Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world’s highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are undernourished —many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more，Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were bom in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies bom to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies bom to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result，，，says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies bom at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child, “says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People bom in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.
29. What does the new study discover?
A. Babies bom to wealthy families are heavier
B. Women living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies
C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average
D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life
30. Giussan and his team are sure that
A. babies bom in La Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz
B. people living in La Paz are poorer than those in Santa Cruz
C. the birth weight of babies bom to wealthy families is above average
D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished
31. It can be inferred from what Giussan says in Paragraph 4 that
A. he was very tired
B. the study took longer than expected
C. the finding was unexpected
D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz
32. The results of the study indicate the reason for the birth of underweight babies is
A. lack of certain nutrition
B.reduction of oxygen levels
C. poverty of their mothers D .different family backgrounds 40 • It can be learnt from the last paragraph that
A. underweight babies have a shorter life span
B. babies bom to poor families lack certain hormones before birth.
C. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later life
D. newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies.
第三篇 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found
The World Health Organization estimates that about one third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis (结核).Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop cases of TB, usually in their lungs, Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two- month treatment could prevent about 20% of new cases. And it might prevent about 25% of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between 2012 and 2030. That is，if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by 2012.
The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in 1990. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.
Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than 40 years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.
41. The bacteria that cause TB
A. have led to the deaths of 8 million people.
B. remain inactive most times.
C. infect about one third of people in the world.
D. have encouraged the spread of AIDS.
42. TB patients who stop taking antibiotic drugs may develop
A. lung cancer
B. diseases that lead to death
C. infections that cannot be treated.
D .an infection resistant to treatment
43. According to Joshua Salomon, a shorter treatment program would mean
A. more infectious patients.
B. more patients cured C • less control of TB
D. reduction in drug-resistant TB forms
44. Scientists found that a two-month treatment would lead to
A. a 20% reduction of TB deaths.
A. a 20% reduction of new TB cases.
B. a 25% increase in TB infections.
C. a 25% increase in TB treatment success rates.
45.An expansion of the DOTS program aims to
A. make sure TB patients take 10 pills each day.
B.finance the training of health workers.
A. study the side effects of the 4 most common drugs.
D .support the development of new TB drugs.