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考研英语阅读理解备考的方案

时间:2021-06-08 16:37:43 报考指导 我要投稿

考研英语阅读理解备考的方案

  考生们在进行考研英语的阅读理解复习时,需要把规划好自己的备考计划。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语阅读理解备考的资料,欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研英语阅读理解备考的方案

  考研英语阅读理解备考的内容

  第一、坚固的基石——扎实的英语基础

  考生首先要把大纲规定的5500英语词汇全部吃透,学习词汇时要把握词汇的内涵和外延。对于内涵来讲,不能仅限于单词的第一层含义,更要注意一词多义现象,尤其是在考研英语中的基本含义,因为很多考研词汇的汉语意思是考生以前不曾遇到的。例如2000年的最后一篇文章,19题的答案对应点是原文第二段的pushing,可是许多考生不清楚它有“有野心的”意思。再如:2000年passage5第一段中的distinction一词,很多同学知道它表示“区分、区别”,但在文章当中,该词应当被解释为“名声、威望”。此外,短语的多义现象也不例外:2003年passage3第四段 It’s a theory to which many economist subscribe当中,subscribe to这个短语第一次考到“同意”的意思,而并非其基本意“订购、订阅”。所以,考生在复习词汇的过程中,一定不要只顾记忆难词,还要重视简单词的横向意义。

  对于外延来讲,要能够把握单词在句子中给我们的信息暗示。例如 A is a response (reaction) to B,该句型中response (reaction)本意是“反映”,但这个词在句子中给我们的信息暗示则为B是A的原因。2001年第一篇文章第四题The direct reason for specialization is _______. 该题答案对应原文:Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. 同年第五篇文章最后一题 According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the US as a result of__________. 该题答案对应原文While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline. 如果考生知道 be response to 这个考点的话,这类题就会迎刃而解。因此,考研学生一定要对词汇复习加大重视度,如果连大纲要求的词汇都没有认识完全,那么“顺利通过考试”就成了“无米之炊”了。

  很多考生误认为考研不考语法。考研英语取消了词汇和结构部分后,语法的考查力度确实下降了一些,但在阅读理解中对语法的考查还是随处可见。很多同学单词都认识,但整句话不理解,其症结在于相关语法知识的缺乏。考生应该系统整理基本语法知识,归纳熟悉特殊语法现象。考研英语的基本语法其实在高中阶段就已大体学完,本科阶段补充了一些。考研距离高中为时已久,而大学阶段许多同学对语法的学习不够重视,因此,语法薄弱的考生可以寻找一本权威的高中语法指导材料,用两周的时间系统精读从句概念、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等阅读中的重点语法概念。不要放过例句,要把语法现象和例句充分结合在一起加以体会。阅读、完形、翻译中都会出现较多的长难句,需要考生分析解剖,因此在大量接触真题前有必要对语法知识进行透彻的复习。

  第二、大厦的框架——分析出题思路,把握做题技巧

  最能反映出题者思路的复习材料只有真题。无论是出题难度还是出题思路,历年的真题的质量都非常高。许多考生在没有把真题彻底吃透的情况下花了大量的时间和精力去做许多模拟试卷。这种复习方法不仅耗时耗力、事倍功半,而且甚至会因为模拟题的仿真程度??同学们不要玩题海战术,而应该搞懂真题题目和基本的出题思路。从严格意义上讲,目前市面上的模拟题没有一本是接近真题的,大量做模拟题只能起到安慰剂的作用。但是模拟题又不能不做,因为长时间反复做真题,会失去第一次拿到新题的新鲜感。故此,做题的总体思路是90%真题,10%模拟题。

  考研的成败不仅与实力相关,也与技巧密不可分。英语知识的学习没什么技巧,但考试却有,考研也不例外。技巧可以从三个层面来讲:

  第一个层面是,做阅读时,到底是应该先读问题还是先读文章。不同的人有不同的答案。我们认为,采用什么样的顺序和每个人的水平有关。对于阅读能力很高的人来说,先读文章比较好。读完了文章,对文章的内容有了基本的理解、甚至记住了几乎全部的内容,再去做题时,就会比较有把握了。而事实上对于广大考生来说,多数人对文章不能做到基本理解,或者虽然表面文字看懂了,但是做题时大脑一片空白,对有效信息掌握薄弱。鉴于此,我们认为应该先读问题,带着问题中的关键词去读文章。这样做的好处在于:首先,读完问题,通过题目中的大写字母、数字、标志性内容词等会对文章所涉及的内容有个大概的了解;然后带着问题有针对性地去读文章,有的放矢。

  第二个层面是,读文章时,应该采用什么样的阅读方式。基于对试题的研究,我们发现,在读文章的时候,应该把握重点:对于文章来讲,首段、各段首句、末句是重点;对于句子来讲,转折句、因果句、长难句、比较句和“绝对话意义”的句子往往是出题的方向。读完一篇文章后要问问自己:文章主要围绕什么问题阐述?作者对文章的态度大体方向是什么?读懂文章虽然不是做题正确的核心,但却是做题正确的前提。

  第三个层面是:以什么样的思路去应付考题。从阅读材料后面的题目来看,问题可以分为以下几大类:主旨题、推理题、细节题、例证题、态度题、原因题、举例题和猜词题。每个大题型又可以继续细分。考生应该对这些题型的正解特征加以归纳总结。例如:考研英语中多次涉及的主要原因题,其题目形式是:

  The passage (author)………….mainly because____?

   Which of the following is chiefly responsible for……..?

   …………is largely due to________?

   What is the main reason for ________?

  由上述真题题目我们可以看出,题目特征相当明显,都出现了表示“主要的”标识词。那么题目特征会引发我们怎样的思考呢?既然是主要原因,就表明在原文中原因的阐述是不唯一的,至少有两个以上的原因才具备出主要原因题的前提。在四个选项中,可能同时会有若干个选项都是正确的原因,但正确答案是最主要的原因。那么,什么样的原因才是主要原因呢?我们可以从原文对应句中找到规律:主要原因题正确选项在原文中的对应句往往含有如下标识词:比较级、最高级、转折词、above all等。我们一起看一下以往的例题:

  1. 原文:Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world round it is changing. The commercial TV channels—ITV and Channel 4—were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.

  The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ______________.

  (1996年passage2第4题)

  A. the emergence of commercial TV channel

  B. the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government

  C. the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs

  D. the challenge of new satellite channels

  2. 原文:Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors: and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.

  According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large due to _______.

  (1996年passage4第1题)

  A. elementary schools B. enthusiastic workers

  C. the attractive premium system D. a special way of thinking

  3. 原文:But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyle.

  According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society? (2000年passage4第2题)

  A. Women’s participation in social activities is limited.

  B. More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.

  C. Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.

  D. The lifestyle has been influenced by western values.

  4. 原文:Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billons to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on.

  According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by _______.

  (2003年passage3第5题)

  A. The continuing acquisition.

  B. The growing traffic.

  C. The cheering Wall Street.

  D. The shrinking market.

  5. 原文:The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good natured, co-operative creatures, and they share food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

  Female capuchin moneys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _____.

  (2005年passage1第3题)

  A. more inclined to weigh what they get

  B. attentive to researchers’ instructions

  C. nice in both appearance and temperament

  D. more generous than their male companions

  上述例题均很好地印证了这类题的做题规律,而且长达十年这一规律都没有发生任何变化。考生在阅读复习过程中要注意题目的横向联系,不仅要按篇章来阅读,还要把历年的同一类型考题放到一起进行总结,从而发现做题技巧和规律,这样才能更好地保证复习的效率。

  第三、大厦的内外装修——不可不知的陷阱

  考研既然是一种选拔性的考试,就有区别于其他英语考试题??案,而是会有一个思考和比较的过程。考研没有真正意义的正确选项,但有相对的better choice。在考研的选项中,很多选项都是陷阱,貌似很正确,其实有漏洞。对于这部分选项,考生应该了解一些出题者常用的陷阱设置,以便在今后做题过程中避免此类错误。

  一、 正话反说。考研英语阅读题中很多出题思路是“在是当中说非,在非当中说是”。

  我们以2000年第一篇文章第四题为例:The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________.

  A. turning of the business cycle

  B. restructuring of industry

  C. improved business management

  D. success in education

  根据原文:Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of business cycle. 可以看出,美国人并不认为devalued dollar or the turning of business cycle是导致美国经济复苏的主要原因,很多同学就首先排除了选项A,但是,A恰恰是本题的正确答案,作者的观点恰恰有别于一般美国人,在是当中说非,在非当中说是。

  二、 “正确≠答案”——大多数考生的误区

  我们以2003 年的一道考研真题为例:

  The author begins his article with Edmund Burk’s words to __________.

  A. call on scientists to take some actions

  B. criticize the misguide cause of animal rights

  C. warn of the doom of biomedical research

  D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement

  从文章来看,四个选项似乎都有道理,可以说前三个选项都是对的。但是正确绝不是最优,而面对这种局面大多数考生往往不知所措,难以从中选出正确的选项。上述的例子还只是比较简单的,偏重于对文章主旨的考查,而现在考研的难度日益加大,这种出题思路会越来越多,分辨将会越来越难,所以在看懂全文的基础上时不时还是要在心里提个醒,别一不小心掉进了陷阱。

  三、首段大意≠全文主旨。很多同学做全文主旨题往往以首段的段落大意作为根据,其实这是个陷阱。我们用1994年第二篇文章的一道题做例证:

  What is this passage mainly about?

  A. Approaches to the commercial use of computers.

  B. Conveniences brought about by computers in business.

  C. Significance of automation in commercial enterprise.

  D. Advantages of credit cards in business.

  这道题可以说是经典的主旨陷阱题了。如果仅从全文第一段来看,D选项是绝对正确的。但是文章从第二段进行扩展,由信用卡扩展到了计算机在商业社会中的应用,故此,B才是最佳答案。我们提醒各位考生,主旨题需要通过首段和各段首句共同判断,千万不能以偏概全。

  四、千万注意“似是而非、局部正确”的选项

  我们先来看看 1998 年的一道真题:

  Which of the following is true according to the passage?

  A. Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.

  B. Politicians are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.

  C. The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as antiscience.

  D. Tagging environmentalists as “antiscience” is justifiable.

  这是一道设计非常巧妙的考题,据说当年答对本题的考生不到 5% 。这道题考查了全文一半多文章的阅读量,而且涉及很多的细节,每一个选项都有似曾相识的感觉,而选项本身就暗藏着陷阱。本题的直接依据是文中的这样一句话:But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest. 但是简单根据这句话又会造成歧义,还必须依据“根据下文说上文的原则”,通过下文来判断逻辑:The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of sciences are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. 这里提醒所有考生注意一点:当你感觉到每一个选项似乎都对、都不对的时候,千万不要盲目凭借印象和感觉,要学会到原文中寻求每一个选项的证据,只有确凿的证据才是判断正误的法宝。

  总而言之,要攻克考研阅读,就要在备战考研的过程中不断努力深入地研究,循序渐进地实践、演练,才能在考场上成功施展才华!考研的意义绝不仅仅是考试,而是挑战自我、磨练意志的过程。相信各位考生定能在这条充满荆棘的道路中坚定信念、调整心态,摸索出成功之道。

  考研英语阅读理解冲刺策略

  其实,成功的考研冲刺只分两步。

  成功冲刺第一步——制定计划、按部就班、从容不迫。

  距离考研虽然只有一个月了,但制定计划依然重要,因为有了计划就可以避免乱抓一气时带来的无谓的时间浪费。此时的计划应该首先确定每天能拿出多少时间复习英语(建议:基础较好的考生,每天3-4个小时;2年没有怎么学过英语的考生需要每天至少拿出6个小时),并且确定这些小时在一周中每天的分布,千万不要完全连在一起,但也不要拆分过多,一个时段的最佳时长是1.5-2小时。不论英语基础好坏,不论现在做真题正确率高低,都需要考生始终保持平常心按照计划、到点就进入应该进行的项目。

  成功冲刺第二步——分项攻击、识别弱项、专抓错题。

  众所周知,考研英语分数最多的项目是阅读理解。因此,几乎所有的考生都要再阅读上花费大量的时间,毕竟一个题目2分。很多考生抱怨,真题已经做过几遍,答案已经背下来了,现在不知应再该做些什么题,于是开始乱找模拟题。这里需要强调的是,离考试最近的1个月是反复研究真题和巩固技巧的时候,不能再大量做模拟题了。对真题的复习不仅仅是要把正确答案选出来那么简单,考生还需要按照以下几点进行逐项核查,检测是否已经达到每一项的要求。以下均为2008考研英语大纲对阅读理解的要求:

  1. 词汇:即是否仍有不认识的单词或搭配。离考试只有一个月的复习方法是这样的:先把历年考研真题的电子版从网上下载,然后黏贴到一个word文档里面,之后使用“查找”功能,把自己不熟悉的单词、不知道其他意义的单词边记边查找,看一看这个词在历年考试中出现了多少遍,而每一次其用法都是什么,自己是否都能掌握了。在词,教考生一个猜测词义的方法:小品词猜词法。所谓“小品词”就是介词和副词,而常见的是:on, in, at, as, off, out, into, out of, for, to 等。很多动词和他们搭配时,词组的意义往往和这些词密切联系,因此即便不认识动词,也能大概猜出其整体意思来。比如: regard A as B表示“把A当成B”。但如果regard变成dismiss, disparage等难词,考生就犯难了。其实,无论动词是什么,只要符合以下结构“vt +A+as+B”,都可以把动词翻译成为“把……”,因此整个词组的意思就是“把A当成B”,这样就不会影响对上下文的理解了。

  2. 信息:即单词通过语法组合到一起后,其意思是否能够翻译正确。这需要有一本对历年真题进行详解的辅导书,推荐使用《2008考研英语历年真题解析与应试对策》(高等教育出版社出版)。考生可以把每一篇文章作为精读,并进行翻译。如果时间比较紧张,把解决每篇文章后面5个题的原文进行详细翻译和掌握就可以了。

  3. 根据具体信息进行推理和判断:即换一种英文表达方式,而不改变原意。比如:原文句子是:Nothing prevents us to be natural more than the desire to appear so. 就要用英文表达成:The more we try to look natural, the less natural we will be. 或者:The biggest obstacle on our way to be natural is our wish to be that way. 当然,这些句子其实就是真题题干和正确选项放在一起,和原文中的出题点正好是上述的`同义转化。

  下面再举一个真题的句子:(2006年Text3) The large,slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. 在问题中变成:The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that large sea animals may face the same threat today. 画下划线的句子正好就是同义转化。当然,这种情况在考研英语中到处都是,几乎每一个题目都符合此规律。建议冲刺段的考生列出下面的表格来复习,这样效果会更加明显。

  4. 区分论点和论据:即每一个段落的中心句在哪里,具有什么特征?后面的论据是如何提供的?这些都是需要区分和掌握的内容。

  5. 掌握文章的主旨:多数考生的问题在于看完文章后说不出文章中心思想。其实,可以把每个段落的中心句加起来就构成文章中心了,这对解决主旨题至关重要。比如,2001年第三篇文章的开头就问“why...?”这就证明文章中心一定在解释某种现象的原因,而第一题就问:What is the passage mainly about?因此,聪明的考生可以立刻选出B答案:causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.

  6. 把握文章的核心概念:文章必然围绕一个核心展开,而这样的核心概念从词汇角度看就是反复出现的那些单词所表达的概念,对把握文章主旨有巨大帮助作用。如果考生碰到选项犹豫不决时,就可以挑选包含文章中反复提到的核心概念词汇的那个选项。

  7. 掌握文章的结构:这一点对新题型7选5指导意义最大。要搞清楚段落与段落、句子与句子之间的关系,比如主题一致、关键词重现、语义互补等。

  8. 清楚作者的观点和写作意图,即要抓住作者对所写问题的看法。比如,作者的理想一定与作者叙述的现实问题相反。作者如果写污染现状,他的目的就是号召人们保护环境;作者如果写的是人们并不公开推崇野心和抱负,那么作者的观点就是应该公开推崇野心和抱负。如果掌握了这一点,有时可以瞬间解决很多问题。比如:2004年考研英语真题第四篇关于“美国学校贬低才智”的文章。该文在全文首句使用判断句式说明说明社会现状:“Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect”。而通常作者所要表达的观点都是与社会现实相反的,因此,我们就可以瞬间解决后面的两个题目,如下:

  57.We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ______

  A. undervaluing intellect

  B. favoring intellectualism

  C. supporting school reform

  D. suppressing native intelligence

  根据上述方法,我们很快就把A选出来了,因为undervalue就等于don’t place a very high value on.

  60.What does the author think of intellect?

  A.It is second to intelligence.

  B.It evolves from common sense.

  C.It is to be pursued.

  D.It underlies power.

  根据前面所述,作者的观点往往与现实相反,如果现实是“人们不重视intellect”,那么作者观点肯定是希望人们重视intellect。因此,可以直接把C选项选出。

  以上是大纲层面对阅读的要求,下面从技巧层面谈一下阅读中需要注意的问题。现在考生需要关注的不再是从四个选项中找出正确答案,而是要知道这个选项为什么正确,而其他选项到底错误在什么地方。当英语功底薄弱时,排除法是非常有效的办法。因此,考生需要锻炼的不是说一定要认识正确选项,而是要能找出选项是否错误,但是做到这一点其实多数依靠的不是功底,而是细心地把选项和原文进行比对的能力。非语言本身的阅读技巧在新东方的考研阅读课上给大家总结过,需要拿出来反复地看和研究才能熟练应用。

  建议考生在复习过程中要把错过的部分标记出来,最好记到本子上,每周反复看曾经错过的内容,这样可以避免犯同样的错误。

  希望以上的文字能够帮助考生理清思路,也祝愿考生在考试中取得最理想的成绩。

  考研怎样回答阅读理解中的推理性问题

  关于推理性问题(Inference)

  推理性问题与细节性问题相似,也是对文章具体内容的判断。但推理不但要求掌握文章所表达的字面含义,还要掌握一定的逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识,从文章表面推出更深层含义,这部分往往出题分量大,难度大,出错也最多,归根结底还是对文章内

  容没有做到真正的理解和掌握。

  Inference类问题主要包括Significance和Communication Techniques两大类。

  1. Significance

  文字表面往往没有明显反映作者的全部意图,有些含义需要读者从字里行间去体会,靠自己的逻辑推理能力去判断,从上下文的联贯及文中有关部分的暗示去明析作者隐含的意思。这类问题的命题方式有:

  (1)The writer implies but not directly states that__________-.

  (2) It can be inferred from the passage that_________.

  (3) The author strongly suggests that__________ .

  (4) It can be concluded from the passage that________.

  (5) The passage is intended to__________ .

  (6)The writer indicates that__________ .

  Example

  Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we were to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example

  At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health ac-count that covers everything from his medical history to his emotion-al state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.

  The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment , it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.

  Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized ( 分散的 )nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse managers instead of head nurses,` in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurse decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.

  Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.

  It can be inferred from the passage that__________.

  A)compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient .

  B)in most hospitals nurses get low salaries

  C)in most hospitals nurses get low salaries

  D) compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hour at Beth Israel Hospital

  本题要求考生判断4个选项中哪一个是根据文章可以推断出的结论,要求考生根据文章内容作出合理的推断。从本题所提供的4个选项来看,文章并未谈及 护士 的"耐心"(A);也未谈及护士的"工资待遇"(Q),只是说到护士的工资提升要由各科室推荐;更未涉及护士的"工作时间长短"(D)),文章的第一段最后一句才是得出正确答案的依据,这句的意思是:"如果我们确要解决护理工作不足的问题,那么各地医院的行政部门和医生最好还是效法一下Beth Israel医院",主句的虚拟语气也说明这一点:迄今为止还未做到。由此可以推断:①护理不充分是一个应该解决的问题;②这个问题普遍存在,否则就没有必要要求各地医院行政部门和医生效法这家医院的做法。因此本题的正确答案为B),本题属于局域型问题的间接性问题,这类问题是考生出错最多的题型。在做这类问题时,切忌从篇章的个别句子中寻找答案,而应把目光放在全篇的理解上:作者写这篇文章的目的是什么,针对什么问题,如何解决等。有许多考生可能都有这种体验:有的问题,第一遍阅读时做对了,第二遍再细读后,又改错了。这就是因为他们在读第二遍时注意了对篇章的个别句于的推敲,而忽视了整篇文章的大意。

  2. Communication Techniques

  文章中的每一句话都有它的作用和目的,都是为作者的写作而服务的。有的是下层意思的铺垫,有的是上旬话的结果,互相衬托,互相联系。四级阅读中常常就技巧性问题提问,测试读者对文章是否正确理解。这类题的命题方式有:

  (1)The fact . . . is mentioned by the author to show _________.

  (2)The author achieves his purpose by depending mainly upon

  (3)The writer talks about . . . in order io_________ .

  (4) In discussing . . . , the author ._________

  (5)The author's statement about . . . is a . . . for . . .

  Example :

  If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are al-ways taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened, `necklines are lowered or raised, and so on.

  No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes any thing really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high- heeled shoes .

  When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide .To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as_________ .

  A) a waste of money

  B) waste of time

  C) an expression of taste

  本题问题是:女士们把过了时的衣服改来改去,在作者看来是"浪费金钱"(A));是"(女士对服装的)喜好(品味)的表现"(C));是"(女士们)创造性的表现"(D));还是(B))所说的"浪费时间"。根据第二段所说的"waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have。"(Para。2, Line 4~5,答案应选B)。


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