蜜蜂身体里有一个天生的闹钟它准确地每小时循环一次，为了研究蜜蜂如何辨别时间四年前进行了一项不寻常的实验，分析以为食进行执行继续进行开始着手，这次蜜蜂同样准确地在小时后按它们的习惯进食时间涌出蜂箱。
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (46)
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
47.The natural[adj.自然的，天生的] time sense[n.感觉；意识].
天赋的时间感、（已经作为07年阅读考过）
1. One of the most amazing[a.令人惊异的] of living things, the honeybee, has recently been shown to possess[vt.拥有，具有] still another remarkable[adj.非凡的] skill. It has a built-in alarm clock that goes off exactly every 24 hours.
1、生物中最令人惊奇的东西之一是蜜蜂，在最近的研究里它又显示出它持有的另一种非凡本领。蜜蜂身体里有一个天生的“闹钟”，它准确地每24小时循环一次。
分析：go off＝（钟表）响；
单词：natural＝天生的；sense＝感觉；amazing＝令人惊异的； possess＝拥有；remarkable＝非凡的；
2. Scientists have long known that bees carry a sort of wrist watch inside their bodies. They will return to the same spot, day after day, right to the minute, to feed on sugar-water left for them. To find out how the bees manage[设法] to tell time, an unusual experiment was carried out four years ago. Two young German biologists in Paris trained bees to come out for sugar-water every day at exactly 8:15 p.m. The scientists then set out to baffle[v.使困惑] the bees. When it is 8:15 p.m. in Paris, New York City's Eastern Day-light Saving time is only 3:15 p.m.
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
If the hive[n.蜂箱] were flown to New York between feedings, which time would the bees follow-Paris’ or New York's?
2、科学家早已知道，蜜蜂在它的身体里带着某种手表。蜜蜂能够日复一日，精确到同一分钟，返回同一地点去吃为它们准备的糖浆。为了研究蜜蜂如何辨别时间，四年前进行了一项不寻常的实验。在巴黎，两个年轻的德国生物学家训练蜜蜂每天晚上8点15分准时出来喝糖浆。之后，科学家们设法迷惑蜜蜂。当巴黎是晚上8点15分时，美国纽约市的东部夏令时间是下午3点15分。如果蜂箱在两次喂食之间被空运到纽约市，蜜蜂会遵循哪个时间？巴黎的或者纽约的？
分析：feed on：以为食； carry out:进行，执行；carry on:继续进行； set out：开始，着手；
单词：manage＝设法；baffle:使困惑； hive＝蜂箱；
3. So, immediately after a night feeding in Paris, the hive[n.
was sealed[密封] and rushed off on an air liner. In New York, 蜂箱]
scientists from the American Museum of National History placed the hive in a speciallypreparedlaboratory in the museum. At exactly 3:15 p.m. New York time - a precise[a.精确的,准确的] 24 hours after having been fed in Paris - the bees swarmed[(swarm):n.一大群] out of their hive. The experiment proved conclusively[确定性地] that in spite of a 3,500-mile flight and differences in local time, the bees' alarm clocks rang right on their 24-hour schedule.
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
3、为此，在巴黎进行了一次晚间喂食后，蜂箱立刻被密封，迅速送上飞往纽约的航班。在纽约，来自于美国国家历史博物馆的科学家们把蜂箱设置在博物馆特别准备好的实验室里。在纽约时间下午3点15分整，也就是在巴黎进食整整24小时之后，蜜蜂涌出它们的蜂箱。实验确切证明，尽管经历了3500英里的飞行，以及不同地方的时间差，蜜蜂的“闹钟”仍精确地依照它的24小时时间表运行。
单词：seal＝密封； precise＝精确的； swarm＝一大群； conclusively＝确定性地；
4. As further proof[n.证明], the experiment was repeated-only this time the same hive of bees had its alarm set in New York and was flown to Paris. There, too. They emerged[(emerge):v.出现] from their hive exactly 24 hours later for their accustomed[adj.习惯的,惯常的] feeding.
4、为了进一步证明，该实验被重复进行，这次，同一只蜂箱的蜜蜂，在纽约设定了进食时间，然后飞往巴黎。这次蜜蜂同样准确地在24小时后，按它们的习惯进食时间涌出蜂箱。
单词：proof＝证明；emerge＝出现；accustomed＝习惯的；
5. Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darknein a day, by the rhythm[n.韵律,节奏] of the tides[潮汐] or by the seasons.
5、科学家们现在相信，即使不是全部，但仍然有很多生物具有
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
天生的某种类型的潜藏时钟。这些时钟有时根据一天中白昼或黑夜的小时数目设定，有时根据潮汐的规律或者季节设定。
单词：rhythm＝ 节奏，规律；tide＝潮汐；
6. One of the most remarkable[adj.非凡的] of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab[n.招潮蟹], that familiar beach-dweller[n.居民] with the overgrown[a.长得太大的] claw[n.爪]. Biologists have long known that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale[adj.苍白的；灰白的] in late afternoon, then begins to darken again at daybreak[n.黎明]. This daytime darkening[暗色化] is valuable[adj.有价值的] for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun-just as if we were to get a tan[棕褐色]during the day and lose it at night.
6、大自然中最非凡的“活钟”之一就属招潮蟹，是人们熟悉的沙滩居民。它有着过分增长的螯，生物学家早就知道招潮蟹的壳在白天是黑暗的，傍晚时变成灰白，然后在破晓的时候又变黑。这种白昼黑化是针对敌人和阳光的有价值的自我保护，很多年以来，它被认为是蟹对于太阳光的一种简单反应，就像我们人类白天皮肤被太阳晒黑，晚上又会白回来。
单词：remarkable＝非凡的；dweller＝居民； overgrown＝长得太大； pale＝灰白的； daybreak＝黎明； valuable＝有价值的； tan＝棕褐色；
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
7. But when an enterprising[有胆量的] scientist placed a fiddler crab[n.招潮蟹] in darkness, he was amazed[吃惊的] to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with the same accuracy[n.准确性，精确性].
7、但是，当一个勇于探索的科学家把招潮蟹放在黑暗中，他惊讶的发现蟹壳的颜色依然准确的按时间转变。
单词：enterprising＝有胆量的；amazed＝吃惊的； accuracy＝精确性
8. Yet another startling[令人震惊的] fact was revealed[显示]: the crab's shell reached the darkest color about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides[潮汐] also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover[adv.而且], even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal[a.潮汐的] rhythm[n.节奏]. More research disclosed[揭露] that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts[马萨诸塞州], reached its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later than the Cape Cod tides.
8、人们还发现了另一个令人惊愕的事实：蟹壳的颜色变得最深的时间每天推迟50分钟。显然在蟹的身体里存在着第二只钟，因为潮汐进退的时间恰恰也是一天比一天推迟50分钟。而且，即使把蟹从海
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
滩上带回来放在黑暗中，它们仍然保持它们的潮汐节奏。更进一步的研究发现，来自马赛诸塞州CAPECOD的蟹达到它最深颜色的时间，比来自于邻岛的蟹早4个小时。同时观察出，邻岛的潮汐极其准确地比CAPECOD的潮汐晚了4个小时。
单词：startling＝震惊； reveal＝展示； tidal＝潮汐的；disclose＝揭露；
9. Ants don't carry calendars around with them any more than fiddler crabs[n.招潮蟹] possess[vt.拥有] real wrist watches. But ants show amazing[a.令人惊异的] accuracy as to the day of the year. Each year, an ant nest sends out winged[带翅膀的], young queens on mating[交配] flights. Hundreds of them may fly out of a single nest in the soil. Last summer, at the crest[n.顶] of my mountain, I watched an ant city prepare young queens. At the precise[a.精确的,准确的] moment that they took wing, a colony[n.群体] of the same species[n.物种] that my wife was watching near the bottom of the mountain, also sent its queen on a wedding flight. There was, of course, no way could the two colonies have checked take-off time with each other.
9、蚂蚁不可能随身携带日历就像招潮蟹不可能带着真正的手表一样。但是蚂蚁对一年中的特定一天有着惊人的精确判断。每年，每一个蚁巢都会送出带翅膀的、年轻的蚁后进行交配飞行。上百个这样的蚁后有可能从土中的同一个蚁巢飞出。去年夏天，在我家的山顶，
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
我看到一个蚁巢准备放出它们的年轻蚁后。在它们起飞的同一个精确时刻，由我的妻子负责观察的山脚附近的另一窝同种的蚁族，亦放出它们的蚁后举行飞行婚礼。显然，这两个蚁群根本没有办法校对彼此的起飞时间。
分析：not any more than＝和...一样不； send forth ＝放出； 单词：possess＝拥有； precise＝精确的； colony:群体；species: 物种；
10. Entomologist[n.昆虫学者] Albro T.Gaul once jotted[匆忙记下] down in his notebook that a particular[adj.特定的，特殊的] species[n.物种] of ant in northern Massachusetts[马萨诸塞州] began its wedding flight at a certain day and time. He later learned that another entomologist in New Jersey[新泽西州], 260 miles away, observed a wedding flight by the same species of ant, on the same day, and at exactly the same time! This split-second timing is not always the rule. However, most flights take place within a definite[a.明确的，确切的] period of time.
10、有一次，昆虫学家AlbroT、Gaul先生在他的笔记本里匆匆记下，在马赛诸塞州北部某种蚂蚁开始举行飞行婚礼的准确“日”和“时”。他后来知道，在260英里以外纽泽西州另一个昆虫学家也观察到同一种类蚂蚁举行飞行婚礼的时间，竟和他记录的在同一天、同一个时刻！这种分割到秒的记时并不总是有规律的。总之，绝大多数的飞行婚礼开始时间在一个确定的时间段里。
单词：entomologist＝昆虫学家； jot＝匆匆记下； particular＝特定的，特殊的； species＝种类； definite＝明确的；
11. Birds also have built-in timepieces[时钟] which send them off on fall and spring migrations[迁徙，What the birds really 迁移].
have is a clock-like mechanism[n.机械装置] which allows them to time hours of darkneor light in each day.
11、鸟类也有天生的时间感应器指导它们秋春迁移。鸟类真正具有的是一种“似钟的装置”，使它们能从时间上区分每天黑夜或白昼的小时数。
分析：send off＝派遣；
单词：timepiece＝时钟； migration＝迁徙；
12. But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wolfson of Northwestern University seems to indicate[v.指出] that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily[格外的] complex[adj.复杂的]. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights cause the "clocks" in migratory[adj.迁移的] birds to undergo[v.经历,承受] a kind of "winding" in preparation[n.准备] for their spring return and breeding[繁殖]. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock "ticks", certain physiological[a.生理学的;生理的] changes occur in the bird. The length of each day during the winter determines[(determine)
how fast the clock will run, and hence[adv.因此,所以] when the 决定]
"alarm" will ring for the spring migration[n.迁徙]. The clock continues to run through breeding[繁殖] time, then stops-to be re-wound again the next fall.
12、但是，是什么让鸟在春天北飞呢？西北大学AlbertWolfson博士的最新研究似乎指出决定回飞的时间是极其复杂的问题。每年秋季，短暂的白昼和长时间的黑夜令候鸟身体里的“时钟”经历某种转变，为它们春天的返回和繁殖做准备。在之后的深秋和冬天，如同钟的转动一样，特定的生理变化在鸟类的身体上表现出来。在冬天里，每一天白昼的长短决定该时钟的运转快慢，因此“闹铃”将为春天的迁徙响起提示信号。时钟在繁殖期间持续运转，然后停止，再在下一个秋天复苏。
单词：indicate＝指出；extraordinarily＝格外地；complex＝复杂； migratory＝迁移的；undergo＝经历； wind＝上发条； breed＝繁殖； determine＝决定； migration＝迁徙；
13. Scientists are now learning that many of the clocks of nature can be reset[重新安排], speeded up or slowed down-all for our benefit. Pioneering[开拓性的]experiments at the U.S. Department of Agriculture's research center in Beltsville, Maryland[马里兰], have shown that plants can be helped to develop faster in letime. By increasing or lessening the hours of darknein each day, the scientists have been able to turn plant growth off and on like an electric switch[开关].
13、科学家现在知道，从人类的利益出发，很多大自然的钟都可以重置、加速、或者减慢。美国农业部在玛里兰州BELTSVILLE的研究中心进行了开拓性的实验，实验表明人们能帮助植物在较短时间内生长得更快。用增加和减少每天黑暗小时数的方法，科学家已经能够控制植物生长，如同控制一个电器开关。
单词：reset＝重新安排； pioneer＝开拓性；research＝研究； switch＝开关；
14. New knowledge about nature's living clocks has practical applications[应用]. For man, too, seems to follow daily rhythms. The amount of sugar in our blood stream varies with the time of day, as does our temperature. More of the cells in our skin and muscles divide during the night hours than during the day. By tinkering[调整] with the clocks of plants and animals, scientists may learn more about the fascinating[adj.吸引人的,迷人的] way our bodies work.
14、关于大自然的“活钟”的新知识具有实际用途。人类似乎也遵循每天的时间节奏。我们血液中的血糖水平以及体温随一天的时间不同而不同。我们的皮肤和肌肉里的细胞分裂在夜间比在白天要多。通过调整植物和动物的生物钟，科学家们可以更多了解我们身体运作的神秘方式。
分析：as does our temperature＝倒装句；
单词：applications＝应用； tinker ＝修补；
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (36)
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
37. How to Avoid Foolish Opinions. 如何避免愚蠢的见解、
1. To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone[a.易于...的], no superhuman[a.超人的] genius[n.天才] is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error.
1、要避免人们常常产生的各种愚蠢的观点，并不需要过人的天赋。立几条简单的规则就可以使得你避免荒唐的错误，虽然不能避免一切错误。
单词：prone =易于…的；superhuman =超人的；genius =天赋；
2. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation[n.观察], make the observation yourself. Aristotle[n.亚里斯多德] could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device[n.方法] of asking Mrs. Aristotle[n.亚里斯多德] to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don't is a fatal[adj.致命的] mistake, to which we are all prone[a.易于...的]. I believe myself that hedgehogs[(hedgehog):n.刺猬] eat black beetles[(beetle):n.甲虫], because I have been told that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits[(habit):n.习惯；习性] of hedgehogs[(hedgehog):n.刺猬], I should not commit[承若] myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing[n.引不起食欲的] diet. Aristotle[n.亚里
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
斯多德], however, was lecautious[adj.谨慎的]. Ancient and medieval[a.中世纪的] authors knew all about unicorns[(unicorn):n.独角兽] and salamanders[(salamander):n.火蜥蜴]; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic[adj.武断的] statements about them because he had never seen one of them.
2、如果事情可以通过观察来解决的，那你就亲自观察好了。亚里斯多德认为女人的牙齿比男人少，其实很简单，只需请亚里斯多德夫人张一张口来让他数一数，他本是可以不犯这一错误的。他没有那么做，因为他认为他知道。自以为懂而实际并不懂是一种致命的错误，我们都易犯这种错误。我自己相信，刺猬吃黑甲虫，因为人们告诉我，它们是这样的。但如果我要写一本论述刺猬习性的书的话，那么在我未亲眼看到一个刺猬享受这种倒胃口的食品之前，我是不会动笔的。然而，亚里斯多德却不够谨慎。古代和中世纪的作家谈起独角兽和火蛇来如数家珍，但他们中没有一个人认为，因为自身从未见过这些东西的任一种而有必要避免对它们作武断的阐述。
分析:could have avoided… ＝推测过去时间可能发生的事情； if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet:虚拟语气
单词：observation ＝观察； fatal =致命的； unappetizing =引不起食欲的； cautious=谨慎的, dogmatic =武断的；
3. Many matters, however, are leeasily brought to the test
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate[adj.强烈的] convictions[(conviction):n.看法,信仰] on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias[n.偏见,成见]. If an opinion contrary[相反的] to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously[adv.潜意识地] aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains[坚持] that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator[n.赤道], you feel pity rather than anger, unleyou know so little of arithmetic[n.算术] or geography that his opinion shake your own contrary conviction[n.看法,信仰]. The most savage[a.激烈的] controversies[(controversy):n.争论] are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. Persecution[n.迫害] is used in theology[n.神学], not in arithmetic[n.算术], because in arithmetic[n.算术] there is knowledge, but in theology[n.神学] there is only opinion. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard[n.警惕]; you will probably find, on examination[n.检验;检查,], that your belief[n.信念；信条] is going beyond what the evidence[n.证据] warrants[成为…的根据].
3、但是，许多事情是不那么容易用经验来检验的。如果像大多数人那样，在此类事情上执迷不误，那么有许多方法可以使你自己认识到自己的偏见。如果某-种与你相左的见解使你生气，那么这就是
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
一种迹象，说明你潜意识地感到，你没法给自己的想法以充分的理由。倘若有人坚称，2加2等于5，冰岛是在赤道上，你只会感到同情而不是愤怒，除非你对算术或地理知之甚少，以致他的观点动摇了你的立常最激烈的争沦是对那些双方都没有充分证据的事物的争论。迫害仅发生于神学领域，而不见于算术领域，因为在算术中有知识，而在神学中仅有观点。因此当你发现你自己对不同的意见气恼时，你一定要警惕；通过检验你或将发现，你的信念并无足够的依据。
分析： contrary to =与...相反；be aware of＝知道； as to：关于；
单词：passionate=强烈的；conviction=深信；bias ＝偏见；
subconscious=下意识的； maintain =维持； savage =激烈的；
controversy＝争沦； persecution =迫害； warrant =成为…的根据，保证;
4. A good way of ridding[(rid):v.使摆脱] yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism[n.教条主义] is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own. When I was young, I lived much outside my own country-in France, Germany, Italy, and the United States. I found this very profitable[adj.有益的] in diminishing[(diminish):v.减少] the intensity[n.强烈] of insular[a.思想狭隘的] prejudice[n.偏见,成见]. If you cannot travel, seek out people with whom you disagree, and read a newspaper belonging to a party that is not yours. If the people and the newspaper
seem mad, perverse[adj.违反常规的], and wicked[a.恶劣的], remind yourself that you seem so to them.
4、使你自己摆脱某些教条主义的一种好方法是去了解与你不同的社会集团所持的意见。我年轻时常居住在国外-在法国、德国、意大利和美国。我发现，这大大有助于消弥井蛙之见。如果你无法远行，那就找-些与你意见相左的人，读一读不属于你们党派的报纸。如果这些人和报纸看，上去疯狂、荒谬和恶劣，那么请提醒你自己，在他们看来，你可能也是如此。
单词：rid=使摆脱； dogmatism =教条主义； profitable =有利的；diminish =(使)减少,；intensity =强烈；insular ＝思想狭窄的；prejudice =偏见； perverse=荒谬的；wicked =恶劣的；
5. For those who have enough psychological[adj.心理的,心理学的] imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having different bias[n.偏见,成见]. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents[(opponent):n.对手,敌手]; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary[adj.想象中的,虚构的] dialogue, and, short of this, I have frequently found myself growing ledogmatic[adj.武断的] and cocksure[独断的] through realizing the possible reasonableneof a hypothetical[a.假设的] opponent[n.对手,敌手].
5、对于那些想象力丰富的人来说，假设与观点不同的人进行辩论，不失为-种好方法。较之与对手进行面对面的谈话，这种方式有一个好处，可以说是唯一的好处：它不会受到时间和空间的限制。有时，由于这种假想的对话，结果，我真的改变了我的想法。而有时虽然未能真的改变看法，我也常发现自己因认识到假想对手可能有道理而变得不那么武断或自以为是了。
分析：comparewith=与…比较； be subject to ＝从属于； 单词：psychological=心理的； opponent＝对手； imaginary ＝假想的； dogmatic=独断的；cocksure =独断的； hypothetical =假设的；
6. Be very wary[adj.谨慎的] of opinions that flatter[奉承] your self-esteem[n.自尊]. Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly[adv.牢牢地] convinced[相信] of the superior[adj.优秀的] excellence[n.卓越,杰出] of their own sex[n.性别]. There is abundant[a.丰富的;大量的] evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can resort[v.求助于，采取] that so are most criminals[(criminal):n.犯人]. The question is inherently[固有的] insoluble[a.不能解决的], but self-esteem[n.自尊] conceals[隐藏] this from most people. We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded[(persuade):vt.说服；劝告] that our own nation is superior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its
characteristic[典型的] merits[(merit):n.优点] and demerits[(demerit):n.缺点], we adjust[v.调整] our standard[a.标准的] of values[(value):n.价值] so as to make out that the merits[(merit):n.优点] possessed[(possess):vt.具有] by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits[(demerit):n.缺点] are comparatively[(comparative):a.比较地,相对地] trivial[adj.不重要的]. Here, again, the rational[adj.理性的] man will admit[vt.承认] that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably[ad.明确地] right answer. It is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem[n.自尊] of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some non-human mind. The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit[n.自负,自高自大] is to remind ourselves that man is a brief[a.短暂的] episode[n.插曲] in the life of a small planet[n.行星] in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught[n.任何事物] we know, other parts of the cosmos[n.宇宙] may contain[vt.包含；包括] beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jelly-fish[n.水母].
6、对于那些迎合你自尊心的意见，要十分小心。无论男女，十有八九都确信自己这一性别优越。双方都有充分的证据。如果你是个男人，你可以指出，大多数诗人和科学家是男性；如果你是个女人，你可以回敬说，大多数的罪犯也是男的。这问题本来就讲不清楚，但是自尊心让大多数人看不到这点。我们大家，不管来自世界何地，都
相信自己的民族是最优秀的。鉴于每一个民族都有其固有的优点和缺点，我们常常试图通过调整价值标准来扬长避短，以便证明我们民族所具有的优点是真正重要的，而缺点则是相对不重要的。在这里，理智的人会再次承认，这类问题没有一个明确的答案。而作为人类的人的自尊心则更难对付了，因为我们不能同某种非人类的观点去进行辩论，以求得结论。我所知道的处理这种人类普遍具有的自负的唯一办法是提醒我们自己：人类仅是宇宙一角中一个小行星的整个历程中的一个短暂的插曲，也许，宇宙的其它地方可能有某种生物远胜于我们，就像我们远胜于水母一样。
分析：so are most criminals倒装； is superior to：优越于；so as to：为了；make out:明白；
单词：wary=谨慎的；flatter =奉承； self-esteem=自尊心；
abundant ＝丰富的；evidence =证据； criminal =犯罪者； merit=优点；demerit=缺点；adjust ＝调整； comparatively =相当地；trivial =微不足道的； conceit=自负；
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (45)
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
46. How To Mark[vt.标记] a Book. 怎样在书上做标记
1. You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade[vt.劝告] you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unleyou do, you are not likely to do the most
1、你知道读书必须要阅读，“字里行间的言外之意”，以求最充分的理解。我劝你在读书过程中做一件同等重要的事情；我劝你“在字里行间里写字”。不这样做，就达不到最有效的阅读效果。分析：between the lines＝言外之意；
单词：persuade＝说服； efficient=
2. I contend[v.主张], quite bluntly
a book is not an act of mutilation
2、坦率地说，我认为，在书上涂抹标记不是一种损毁行为，而是爱。
单词：contend＝主张；bluntly
3. You shouldn't mark
Librarians[n.图书馆管理员] (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean,
I am right about the usefulness
to buy them. Most of the world's great books are available可获得的] today, in reprint
大家论坛中石油职称英语efficient[有效率的] kind of reading. be likely to＝可能； 有效率的； [坦率的], that marking up [n.毁损] but love.坦率地；mutilation＝毁损； up a book which isn't yours. and you should. If you decide that of marking books, you will have [adj.再版] editions[版本], for a modest[adj. http://www.oh100.com [n.
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
适中的] sum[n.金额].
3、当然，你不应该在不属于你的书上做标记。借给你书的图书管理员(或者你的朋友)希望你保持书的整洁，你应该这样做。如果你认为我说的在书上做标记颇有益处这番话是对的，你就得自己买书。现在，绝大部分世界上的好书都有再版，我们很容易买到，并且价格合理。
单词：librarian=图书馆管理员； usefulness＝有益处； available＝可获得的；reprint＝再版；edition＝版本； modest＝适度的；＝金额；
4. There are two ways in which you can own a book. The is the property[n.财产] right you establish by paying for
as you pay for clothes, and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude[n.前提] to possession[n.拥有]. Full ownership所有权] comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration[n.例证] may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer[v.转移] it from the butcher's icebox冰柜] to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense[n.意义] until you consume[v.消费] it and get your bloodstream[血液]. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed[(absorb):v.吸收] in your bloodstream to do you any good.
4、一个人拥有书的方式有两种，第一种是花钱取得财产所有权，
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com sumfirst just [n.[ http://www.oh100.com o it, it
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
就像你花钱买衣服和家具一样。但是，这种购买行为仅是拥有书的前提。只有你将它化为自己的一部分后，你才完全占有了它；同时，把你自己融入书中的最好方法就是在书中写字。打个比方可能使这个观点更清楚。你买了一块牛排，把它从屠夫的冰箱里移到了你自己的(冰箱里)。但是，从最重要的意义上说，你并没有拥有这块牛排，除非你吃下它并将它吸收进你的血液之中。
应该被“吸收到血液”中，才能对你有所裨益。
分析：transfer:
单词：property
possession＝拥有；
transfer＝转移；
液；absorb＝吸收；
5. Confusion
people to a false
and type-a respect
工艺] of the printer
They forget that
idea, to possess
without staking
粘] his bookplate
library doesn't
enriched[(enrich):v.
大家论坛中石油职称英语我的观点是，书的营养也必须 dogood:有益于…； ＝家具； prelude＝前提； ＝所有权； illustration＝例证； consume＝消费；bloodstream＝血[n.崇敬,尊敬] for paper, binding[装订], [a.物质的] thing-the craft[n.than the genius[n.天才] of the author. for a man to acquire[v.获得] that beauty, which a great book contains, ] his claim[所有权] by pasting[(paste):n.] inside the cover. Having a fine 证明] that its owner has a mind http://www.oh100.com 位置上的转移；财产； furniture ownership sense=意义；[n.混乱] about what it means to own a book leads reverence for the physicalrather it is possible [vt.拥有] the [(stake):标出[n.藏书标签prove[vt.使丰富] by books; it proves nothing more than
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
that he, his father, or his wife, was rich enough to buy them.
5、对于“拥有书籍”的真正含义的误解使人们错误地崇敬纸张、装订和样式-这是对物质的崇敬-是崇敬印刷工人的技艺，而不是书籍作者的才华。他们忘记了，即使不在封面里贴上藏书票表明自己对书籍的拥有，人们也可以从一本伟大的著作中获得它的精神，领略它的美丽。一个好书房并不能证明它的主人学富五车；仅仅说明他、他的父亲或是他的妻子有钱买书而已。
分析：more than：超过，no more than=nothing more than :仅仅, 只不过；morethan:不是而是；no other than:只有，正是； The boy is more than 20; 男孩超过20岁。
I was more surprised than angry.我不是生气，而是大吃一惊。 He has no other choice than to give in.他只有服从。
It was no other than my mother. 这正是我的母亲。
单词：confusion＝混乱； reverence＝崇敬； binding＝装订； respect＝尊敬；physical=物质的； craft＝工艺； genius＝天才； acquire＝获得； possess＝拥有； prove＝证明； enrich＝富有；
6. There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard[a.标准的] sets and best-sellers-unread, untouched. (This deluded[(delude):vt.欺骗] individual owns woodpulp[纸浆] and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books-a few of them read through, most Of them dipped[(dip):vt.蘸] into, but all of them as clean and shiny[adj.发光的] as the day they were bought. (This
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained[局限] by a false respect for their physical[a.物质的] appearance[n.外观].) The third has a few books or many every one of them dogeared [卷角的]and dilapidated[adj.破旧的], shaken and loosened[松散的] by continual[adj.频繁的] use, marked and scribbled[(scribble):v.潦草的书写] in from front to back. (This man owns books.)
6、书籍拥有者可以分为三种。第一种人拥有全部的标准成套书和畅销书，-既没读过，也没碰过。(这种人占有的只是纸浆和油墨，不是书籍。)第二种人藏书很多-其中几本被通读过，大部分则浅尝辄止，但是所有的书都跟新买时一样整洁光亮。(这种人可能想使书籍真地为其所用，但因错误地过分关注书籍的外观而裹足不前。)第三种人藏书或多或少-因不断使用，每本书都书角卷起，破旧不堪，装订破损，书页松散，全书从扉页至末页都画满了记号，涂满了字句。(这种人才是书的真正拥有者。)
单词：standard=标准的； best-sellers＝畅销书； delude＝欺骗； shiny=有光泽的； restrain＝约束； physical＝物质的；
appearance＝外观； dog-eared=卷角的（书）; dilapidated=破旧的； loosen=松散； scribble＝潦草地写；
7. Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve[v.保存] intact[adj.完好无损的] and unblemished[adj.无瑕疵的] a beautifully printed book, an elegantly[(elegant):adj.优雅的] bound edition? Of
大家论坛中石油职称英语 http://www.oh100.com
course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of "Paradise Lost" than I'd give my baby a set of crayons[(crayon):n.蜡笔] and an original[原作] Rembrandt[伦勃朗]! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue[n.雕像]. Its soul[n.灵魂], so to speak, is inseparable[a.不能分的] from its body. And the beauty of a rare[adj.稀少的] edition[n.版；版本] or of a richly manufactured[装帧] volume[卷] is like that of a painting or a statue[n.塑像,雕像].
7、你可能要问，将一本印刷精美、装帧雅致的书保存完好，难道也是不恰当的吗?当然不是。我绝不会在一本初版的《失乐园》上乱涂乱写，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一盒蜡笔交给我的孩子任意涂抹一样!我决不会在一幅绘画或者一座雕像上做标记。可以说他的精髓与它的实体是密不可分的。珍藏版和装帧精美卷本的美与绘画和雕塑的美是一样的。
单词：preserve＝保存； intact＝完好无损的； unblemished＝无瑕疵的； elegantly =优雅地； scribble＝潦草地写； original＝原作； soul＝灵魂； so to speak＝可以说； inseparable＝不能分的； statue=雕像；
8. But the soul[n.灵魂] of a book can be separated from its body. A book is more like the score[n.乐谱] of a piece of music than it is like a painting. No great musician confuses[(confuse):v.混淆] a symphony[n.交响乐] with the printed sheet of music. Arturo Toscanini[托斯卡尼尼] revered[(revere):v.崇敬] Brahms[博拉姆斯], but
Toscanini's score of the C-minor Symphony[n.交响乐] was so thoroughly[adv.彻底地] marked up that no one but the maestro[n.大师] himself could read it. The reason why a great conductor makes notations[(notation):n.记号] on his musical scores-marks them up again and again each time he returns to study them-is the reason why you should mark your books. If your respect[vt.尊敬；尊重] for magnificent[a.华丽的] binding or typography[n.印刷] gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.
8、但是，一本书的灵魂能够从它的躯体里分离出来。与其说它像下幅画，还不如说它更像一首乐曲的总谱。任何伟大的音乐家都不会将一首交响曲和一张印刷的乐谱相混淆。托斯卡尼尼非常崇敬博拉姆斯，但他的C小调交响曲的乐谱上画满了标记，以致只有大师本人才能看懂。为什么一个伟大的指挥家会在乐谱上做记号-甚至每次研究都会重复标记-其中的奥妙正是你应该在书上做记号的原因。如果你对华美的装帧和印刷的尊重妨碍你读书的话，就给自己买一种便宜的版本，同时对书的作者表达敬意就可以了。
单词：symphony＝交响乐； revere＝崇拜； thoroughly＝完全地； notation＝符号； magnificent＝豪华的；
9. Why is marking up a book indispensable[a.必不可少的] to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean merely[adv.仅仅] conscious[adj.神志清醒的]; I mean wide awake.) In the second
place, reading, if it is active[a.积极的], is thinking, and thinking tends to expreitself in words, spoken or written. That marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.
9、为什么在阅读过程中在书上做标记是必不可少的呢?首先，它会使你保持清醒。(我指的不是仅仅神智清醒；我的意思是它能使你全神贯注。)其次，如果阅读是一种能动的行为，那么它就是思考，而想法常常须借助口头的或书面的语言来表达出来。做过记号的书，通常是读者认真思考过的书。最后，写可以帮助你记住阅读时的思想，或作者所表达的思想。
单词：indispensable＝必不可少的； merely＝仅仅；conscious＝有知觉的； active＝主动的；
10. If reading is to accomplish[v.完成] anything more than passing time, it must be active[a.积极的]. You can't let your eyes glide[滑动] acrothe lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary[adj.普通的；平常的] piece of light fiction[n.小说], like, say, Gone With the Wind, doesn't require[vt.需要] the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure[n.消遣] can be read in a state of relaxation[n.放松], and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises[提出] and tries to answer
great fundamental[a.基本的,根本的] questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable[adj.有能力的]. You don't absorb[v.吸收] the ideas of John Dewey[杜威] the way you absorb[v.吸收] the songs of a popular singer. You have to reach for them.
10、如果(你的)阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那就应该是一种That you cannot do while you're asleep.积极的思维活动，仅仅让你的眼睛在书上扫视一遍，你不可能对所读的内容有所理解。当然，一部普通的消遣小说，比如说《飘》，并不需要那种最积极的思维式的阅读。作为消遣的书，可以轻松地读而不会有所失。但一本思想丰富、文字华美，试图提出带根本性的重大问题并加以回答的伟大著作，则要求你尽可能地进行最积极的阅读。你不可能像欣赏流行歌曲那样领略杜威的思想。你要花力气才能获得，漫不经心是做不到的。
分析：come up with ＝提出；
单词：accomplish＝达到； active＝积极的； ordinary =普通的； require＝需要； relaxation＝放松； fundamental=根本的； capable＝有能力的； absorb＝吸收；
11. If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know was President Hutchins[哈金斯], of the University of Chicago. He also had the hardest schedule[安排] of busineactivities of any man I know.
He invariably[ad.始终如一地] read with a pencil, and sometimes, when he picked up a book and pencil in the evening, he found himself, instead of making intelligent[adj.聪明的] notes, drawing what he called "caviar[n.鱼子酱] factories" on the margins[(margin):n.页边的空白]. When that happened, he put the book down. He knew he was too tired to read, and was just wasting time.
11、如果，你读完一本书的时候，书页上写满了你的批注，你就知道自己的阅读是积极的。我知道的最有名的采用积极方式阅读伟大著作的人是，芝加哥大学的校长哈金斯。他也是我所知道的公务最繁忙的人。他读书时总是拿着铅笔。有时，当他在晚上拿起书和铅笔的时候，发觉自己并没有在做有意义的笔记，而是在页边空白处乱涂乱画一些他称之为“鱼子酱工厂”的东西。一出现这种情况，他就会放下书本。他知道自己太累了以致读不下去，(再继续看书)完全是在浪费时间。
单词：schedule＝时间表； invariably＝始终如一地； intelligent＝有智慧的； margin＝页边的空白；
【应届毕业生面试自我介绍汇编15篇】相关文章：
应届毕业生面试自我介绍范文汇编6篇01-04
应届毕业生面试自我介绍集锦15篇01-06
本科应届毕业生面试自我介绍6篇02-14
应届毕业生面试自我介绍范文九篇12-11
应届毕业生面试自我介绍范文合集7篇12-12
应届毕业生面试时的自我介绍范文09-03
关于应届毕业生面试自我介绍模板合集6篇01-09
应届毕业生面试自我介绍范文汇总八篇01-15
应届毕业生面试自我介绍范文集合六篇01-11
关于应届毕业生面试自我介绍范文合集6篇01-08