过去分词作宾语补足语专题训练，一用所给动词的适当形式填空，在来到伦敦之前他从未听人说过一个英语单词，四过去分词作宾语补足语翻译练习，当他醒来时他发现他被绑在一棵大树上。
句子成分--宾语补足语
句子成分--宾语补足语
宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。
如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)
(1) 补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不
定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。如：Call him Jim,please. (请叫他Jim。)(我竭尽所能让他开心。)(请他明天来。) . (他让小动物们给他带食物来。)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语。如： (我跟你说,
让他进来！)/ Please put it away. (请把它收起来。)
(3) 不定式或分词作宾语补足语的情况,详见《八·7》“动词的非谓语形式”相关内容。
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过去分词作宾语补足语填空完成句子专题练习
过去分词作宾语补足语专题训练
人教版必修5 Unit 2课文中过去分词作宾语补足语经典范例：
Text 1
1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales ___________ as well. (include)
2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland ___________ in the same peaceful way. (connect)
Text 2
1. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels________special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.(guard)
2. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo _______ standing on either side of the line.(take)
过去分词作宾语补足语基本结构：
see/hear/find/feel/have/make/keep/get/want/wish/would/like/with等+sth(通常是物)+V-ed（动词过去分词）
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I'd like to see the plan ________ (carry) out.
2. At that moment, I saw him _________ (cross) the road.
3. I was glad to see the children well _______ (take) care of.
4. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _____ (speak) as much as we can.
5. She raised her voice to make herself ________ (hear) by all the people in the hall.
6. I was surprised to find my hometown _________ (change) so much.
7. He got his tooth _________ (pull) out yesterday.
8. I heard an English song ________ (sing) by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
9. It's wrong of you to leave the machine _________ (run) all the time.
10. While walking along the street, I heard my name ________ (call).
11. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ________ (lose) for words.
12. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ (remind) of his own dreams.
13. Claire had her luggage _________ (check) an hour before her plane left.
14. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _________ (amuse) with her stories.
15. Alexander tried to get his work __________ (recognize) in the medical circles.
16. I'm glad to see that you had your moustache ________ (shave) off.
17. I got the story ________ (write) in French. Mr. White did it.
18. Our manager left the problem _________ (unsettle).
19. Please keep us _________ (inform) of the latest situation.
20. He had the boy _________ (throw) out the rubbish.
21. The fertilizers will make the vegetables __________ (grow) big and strong.
22. As a guard you should not let strangers ________ (enter) the gym.
23. The peasants were often made __________ (work) from morning till night.
24. The chemistry teacher let me ________ (enter ) for the chemistry competition.
25. We will send a guard _________ (guard) your school. He 's been stationed at the gate.
26. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his words _________ (understand).
27. The scientists were waiting to see the problem _________ (settle).
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28. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself _________ (inform) about what's going on in the world.
29. She fell down and broke three of her teeth. She wonders how many times she has to come here and gets her false teeth _________ (fix).
30. Mother had me ________ (go) to the shop and buy some salt.
31. It's about time that we got the kitchen _________ (repaint).
32. He made it ___________ (know) that he would not be running for re-election.
33. With his homework __________ (finish), he went out to play football.
34.I heard my name ____________ ( call).
35. We found the eggs____________( eat) by the snake.
36. I had my left arm___________(break) yesterday.
二．过去分词作宾语补足语选择练习(注意：有部分题目为对比题，请认真比对！）
1. I don’t want the children ____ out in such weather.
A. takeB. to take C. taken D. taking
2. I don’t want ____ the children out in such weather.
A. takeB. to take C. taken D. taking
3. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finishedB. finishingC. having finished D. was finished
4. Helen had to shout ______ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heardD. to make herself heard
5. Helen had to shout ______ above the sound of the music.
A. making others hear B. to make others hear
C. making others heardD. to make others heard
6. Can you have the washing-machine______to my house?
A. sendB. to sendC. sentD. sending
7. Can you have someone ______ the washing-machine to my house?
A. sendB. to sendC. sentD. sending
8.She wants her paintings ______ in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular.
A. displayB. to display C. displayingD. displayed
9.She wants ______her paintings in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular.
A. displayB. to display C. displayingD. displayed
10. It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A. put awayB. putting away C. putted away D. to put away
11. It is wise to____some money for old age.
A. put awayB. putting away C. putted away D. to put away
12. I’m afraid that I can’t make myself ____ because of my poor English.
A. understandB. understandingC. to understand D. understood
13. I’m afraid that I can’t make the foreigners ____ me because of my poor English.
A. understandB. understandingC. to understand D. understood
14. Mother didn’t leave until she saw her child ____ the street and ____ the school gate.
A. crossing; entering B. crossing; enter C. cross; enteringD. cross; enter
15. We should keep them________ of what is going on here, so we must keep in touch with them.
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A. informingB. informed C. to informD. being informed
16. The manager asked me whether I knew the man with his hair ______ back.
A. tied B. tying C. to cut D. cutting
17. Without the job________, I wouldn't dare to go home.
A. finishingB. finishedC. to finishD. being finished
18. With the job________, I didn’t have time to go home.
A. finishingB. finishedC. to finishD. being finished
19. With somebody ________ the job, I had time to go home earlier.
A. finishingB. finishedC. to finishD. being finished
20. Without ________ the job , I wouldn't dare to go home.
A. finishingB. finishedC. to finishD. being finished
21. At any rate, I did not succeed in making myself ___ by you.
A. understand B. understood C. understandingD. to understand
22. At any rate, I did not succeed in making you ___ me.
A. understand B. understood C. understandingD. to understand
23. He was disappointed to find his suggestion________ down, so he had to keep silent.
A. being turned B. turnedC. to be turned D. to turn
24. The manager said that no matter what happened, he ________ the work________ within 12 hours.
A. would have; finishedB. would have; finish C. might have; endD. would have; do
25. —May I know what time by your watch?—I had mine __ on the bus yesterday.
A. missingB. steal C. stolen D. to be stolen
26.--- Good morning. Can I help you? --- I'd like to have this package _____, madam.
A. be weighed B. to be weighedC. weighD. weighed
27.--- Good morning. Can I help you? --- I'd like to have you_____ this package, madam.
A. be weighed B. to be weighedC. weighD. weighed
28. The master was very angry and had all the servants ___ before him.
A. to be brought B. be broughtC. broughtD. being brought
29.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ behind his back.
A. being tiedB. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
30.The murderer stood there, with some policemen_____ his hands behind his back.
A. being tiedB. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
31. My father encouraged me in painting, but he never loved to see any of my works __ in public.
A. exhibitionB. exhibited C. having exhibitedD. being exhibited
32.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ___ .
Ａ.hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard
33.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make the audience___ him .
Ａ.hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard
34. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleaguesA. amusedB. amusing C. to amuseD. to be amused
35.He looked around and saw a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be puttingC. to put D. putting
36. Those who have questions______,raise your hands.
A. askB. to askC. askedD. asking
37.Alexander tried to get his work_______in the medical circles.
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A. to recognizeB. recognizing C.recognize D.recognized
38.He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch ______.
A. to repair B. repairedC. repairingD. repair
39.He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had somebody______his watch.
A. to repair B. repairedC. repairingD. repair
40. In the past few years, we have had thousands of trees ____ around our school.
A. plant B. planted C. plantingD. being planted
41. In the past few years, we have____ thousands of trees around our school.
A. plant B. planted C. plantingD. being planted
42. John rushed out in a hurry, ____ the door ____.
A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocked D. to leave; unlocked
43. John rushed out in a hurry and ____ the door ____.
A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlockingC. left; unlockedD. to leave; unlocked
44. Teachers will not make the result of the entrance exams _____ to the public until next Thursday.
A. knowingB. known C. to knowD. to be known
45.I found many villagers ______at the back of the classroom.
A. seated B. seating C. sit D. to sit down
46. .I found many villagers ______at the back of the classroom.
A. to seat B. seating C. sitting D. to sit down
47.On his return from his college, he found the house ______.
A. desertingB. desertedC. desertD.to be deserted
48.Don’t get your schedule ______; stay with us in this class.
A. changed B. worked out C. doneD. made
49. -- Did Peter fix the computer himself?
-- He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers.
A. has it fixedB. had fixed itC. had it fixedD. fixed it
50. -- Did Peter fix the computer himself?
-- He ______, because he knows much about computers.
A. has it fixedB. had fixed itC. had it fixedD. fixed it
51. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother ______ him.
A. calling B. calledC. being calledD. to call
52. After a knock at the door, the child heard his name ______.
A. calling B. calledC. being calledD. to call
53. Jackson didn't get his bicycle_____soon enough at John's because John had a lot of bicycles ____.
A. to repair; repaired B. to repair; to be repaired
C. to be repaired; to repairD. repaired; to repair
54. They should keep us ___ this matter.
A. informing about B. be informedC. be informed ofD. informed of
55. Commercial banks make most of their income _____ from interest on loans and investments in
stocks and bonds.
A. earn B. earned C. to earn D. was earned
三．完成句子。
1.When he woke up, he _________________________________________________. (surround)
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醒来时，他发现自己被一群孩子围着。
2.Where did you __________________________________? (have)
你的书在哪里印刷的？
3. ________________________, I feel very relaxed now. (with)
所有的工作都做完了，我觉得现在很轻松。
4.They _______________________after school every day. (have)
他们每天放学后打扫教室。
5.While you were out, you should _____________________________________.(keep)
外出时，你应关着门和窗子。
6.We had better work harder __________________________________. (get)
我们最好努力工作以便按时做完作业。
7.They knew her very well. They _______________________________ from childhood. (grow) 他们对她很了解。他们看着她从小长大的。
8.The next morning she _______________________________________. (lie)
第二天早上，她发现那个男人躺在床上，死了。
9._______________________________, the man can't afford a ticket. (steal)
钱被偷了，那个人买不起票了。
10. When his wife returned., the husband noticed ______________________. (cut)
妻子回来时，丈夫注意到她的头发剪短了。
11.Before he came to London, he had never _____________________________________. (speak) 在来到伦敦之前，他从未听人说过一个英语单词。
12.With __________________________, the room seems larger. (paint)
墙刷成白色的了，房间看上去大了。
13. To their great fear, they ____________________________________________ in the heaviest snowfall they had ever had. (catch)
使他们恐惧的是，他们发现他们遇上了从未遇上的大雪。
14.Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight ________________________________. (take) 通过了所有的测试，他感到轻松多了。
15. With the boy ____________________, the soldiers got to the position in time.
有那个小男孩领着路，士兵及时地到达了阵地。
四．过去分词作宾语补足语翻译练习。
1.我发现我的钱包被偷了。
2.我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
3.我们看见那小偷被警察抓住了。
4.人们发现水被污染了。
5.我们已使我们的观点被他们知道。
6.我看见一个老人被撞倒了。
7.老师不希望这样的问题在课堂上讨论。
8.我们发现那个女孩一个人坐在那里。
9.Tom发现他穿着他哥的衣服。
10.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
11.该把你的衣服洗洗了。
12.我希望把房子粉刷成白色。
13.你应该设法让人听懂你的话。
14.太吵了，我的声音不被别人听见。
15.你有空时最好去把身体 检查一下。
16.The day ended with nothing settled.
17.I had my hand burned in the fire.
18.I must have the work finished before Sunday.
19.Please keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
20.When he woke up, he found himself tied to a big tree.
21.You'd better have your MP3 repaired.
22.They wanted themselves introduced in public.
23.Why don’t you get the job done by somebody else ?
24.I want these things changed.
25.The police found a car broken by the roadside.
参考答案：
经典范例：
Text 1: 1. included2. connected
Text 2: 1. guarded2. taken
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. carried
2. crossing
3. taken
4. spoken
5. heard
6. changed
7. pulled
8. being sung
9. running
10. called
11. lost
12. reminded
13. checked
14. amused
15. recognized
16. shaved
17. written
18. unsettled
19. informed
20. throw
21. grow
22. enter
23. to work
24. enter
25. to guard
26. understood
27. settled
28. informed
29. fixed
30. go
31. repainted
32. known
33. finished
34. called
35. eaten
36. broken
二．过去分词作宾语补足语选择练习
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. D
11. A
12. D
13. A
14. D
15. B
16. A
17. B
18. C
19. C
20. A
21. B
22. A
23. B
24. A
25. C
26. D
27. C
28. C
29. D
30. B
31. B
32. D
33. A
34. A
35. D
36. B
37. D
38. B
39. D
40. B
41. B
42. A
43. C
44. B
45. A
46. C
47. B
48. A
49. C
50. B
51. A
52. B
55. B
三．完成句子。
1. found himself surrounded by a group of children
2. have your book printed
3. With all the work finished
4. have their classroom cleaned
5. keep your doors and windows closed
6. to get our homework finished on time
7. watched her grow up
8. found the man lying on bed dead
9. With his money stolen
10. her hair cut short
11. heard an English word spoken
12. the wall painted white
13. found themselves caught in
14. taken off him
四．过去分词作宾语补足语翻译练习。
1. I found my wallet stolen.
2. I heard this song sung several times.
3. We saw the thief caught by the police.
4. People found the water polluted.
5. We have made our viewpoint known by them.
6. I saw an old man knocked down.
7. The teacher didn’t want the problem discussed in class.
8. We found the girl seated there alone.
9. Tom found him dressed in his elder brother’s clothes.
10. With the work finished, they went out to play.
11. It’s time to get your clothes washed.
12. I want the house painted white.
13. I should try to have yourself understood.
14. It’s too noisy. I can’t make myself heard.
15. You’d better have yourself examined when you are free.
16. 什么都没解决，这天就结束了。
17. 我的手在火里烫伤了。
18. 我必须在星期日之前完成工作。
19. 请闭上嘴张开眼。
20. 当他醒来时，他发现他被绑在一棵大树上。
21. 你最好把你的MP3修一下。
22. 他们希望有人在公众场合介绍他们。
23. 你为什么不让其他人完成这份工作？
24. 我希望改变这些事情。
25. 警方发现路边有一辆车坏掉了。
划分句子成分及宾语补语的区别
划分句子成分
一、什么是句子
句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。
二、句子成分说明
1、主语
主语是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。例如：
（1）中国人民志气高。
（2）提高整个中华民族的科学文化水平是亿万人民群众的切身事业。
2、谓语
谓语是陈述主语的，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。例如：
（1）满天乌云顿时消散了。
（2）树叶黄了。
（3）小王今年十六岁。
（4）鲁迅是中国现代文学的奠基人。
（5）明天星期日。
（6）什么书他都看。
3、宾语
宾语在动语后面，表示动作、行为涉及的人或事物，回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。例如：
（1）什么叫信息？
（2）门口围着一群看热闹的。
（3）马克思认为知识是进行斗争和为无产阶级解放事业服务的手段。
4、定语
定语是名语前面的连带成分，用来修饰、名词表示人或事物性质、状态、数量、所属等。例如：
（1）那（沉甸甸）的稻谷，象一垄垄（全黄）的珍珠。
（2）（三杯）美酒敬亲人。
（3）雪野中有（血红）的宝珠山茶，（白中隐青）的（单瓣）梅花。
（4）（中国）的历史有（自己）的特点。
5、状语
状语是动语或形容词前面的连带成分，用来修饰、限制动词或形容词，表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等。例如：
（1）他[已经]走了。
（2）咱们[北京]见。
（3）歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆。
（4）科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权。
副词、形容词经常作状语，表时间、处所的名词经常作状语，一般名词不作状语。动词中除助动词外，一般动词很少作状语，介词短语常作状语。一般状语紧连在中心高速的前边，但表时间、处所、目的的名词或介词短语作状语时，可以放在主语的前边，如，[在杭州]我们游览了西湖胜景。
6、补语
补语是动词或形容词后面的连带成分，一般用来补充说明动作、行为的情况、结果、程度、趋向、时间、处所、数量、性状等。例如：
（1）广大人民干得〈热火朝天〉。
（2）他写的字比原来不是好〈一点〉，而是好得〈多〉。
（3）他生〈于1918年〉。
（4）他坐〈在桌子旁〉。
（5）颜色是那么浓，浓得〈好像要流下来似的〉。
7、独立成分
在句子中不与其他成分（主、谓、宾、定、状、补）产生结构关系，但意义上又是全句所必需的，具有相对独立性的一种成分，用来表示称谓呼叫，对事物原推测、估计、注释、补充、感叹、摹拟语气等。例如：
（1）事情明摆着，你看，我们能不管吗？
（2）十分明显，不大大提高整个中华民族的科学文化水平，四个现代化就是一句空话。
（3）啊，多么使人心醉的绚丽灿烂的秋色！
（4）砰，砰，一阵枪声传来……
充当独立成分的，有的是一个词，有的是短语，它在句子的位置比较灵活，有的在句首，有的在句中。
8、复指成分
用两个或两个以上的词或短语指同一事物，作同一个句子成分。例如：
（1）先生自己也要书。
（2）国家要独立，民族要解放，人民要革命，这已经成为。挡不住的历史潮流。
（3）这就是朝鲜战场上一次最壮丽的战斗——松骨峰战斗。
状——修饰全句的]+（定）主+[状]谓<动补>+（定）宾+<宾补>。
[每当有外地人来]，（好客的）天津人[总是][眉飞色舞地]谈<起了>（天津的）小吃<有多么地道>
区分参考：
其一，细推敲两种概念，从回答问题入手。
宾语是动词中心语的支配对象，补语是对动词、形容词中心词起补充说明作用的成份，根据这两个不同的概念，我们知道宾语是动词的连带成分，它与动词之间是被涉及与涉及的关系，回答的是“谁”或“什么”一类的问题；而补语是动词或形容词后边的连带成分，它与动词、形容词之间是补充和被补充，说明和被说明的关系，回答的“怎么样”的问题。例如：
（1）他打球。
（2）他打〈输〉了。
例（1）中，“球”是“打”涉及的对象，回答“什么”的问题，所以是宾语：例（2）中“输”是补充说明“打”的结果，回答的是“怎么样”的问题，所以是补语。
从概念和回答不同问题两个方面进行比较是区分宾语和补语的最基本方法。
其二，依词性类别判定，细辨认数量结构。
用分辨词性的办法进行对比也是判定句子成份的方法之一。宾语作为动词所涉及的对象，经常用名词、代词或其他名词性短语来充当；而补语则经常用形容词、动词、介词结构或其他动词、形容词性的词语来充当。例如：
（1）他看书。
（2）他看〈完〉了。
（3）他看什么？
（4）他看得〈很认真〉。
（5）他去新华书店。
（6）他来〈自南方〉。
以上（1）（3）（5）句子分别以名词、代词和名词短语来充当宾语，而（2）（4）（6）句则以动词、形容词或介词结构充当补语。
数量结构在句子中既可以充当宾语，也可以充当补语，这时我们就要从词的意义上去区分。
例如：他写了三篇；他唱了〈三遍〉。
前者中“三篇”指文章之类的东西，是以定语代替中心词，故而是宾语；而后者中“三遍”是指唱的次数，是补充说明“唱”这个动词的，故而是补语。
又如：他浪费了三天，他休息了〈三天〉。
以上两个句子都出现了“三天”这个“数词＋时间名词”的结构，“三天”后面显然都省去了“时间”这个中心词。 这时我们要看谓语动词能否跟省略去的“时间”一词进行搭配。能搭配成为动宾结构的，说明动词后面的是宾语；如果不能，则是补语。在前一句中“浪费”可与中心词“时间”构成动宾关系，所以“三天时间”的“三天”是定语代替中心词充当宾语。在后一句中，“休息”虽然可与“时间”搭配，但构成了偏正关系，而不是动宾关系，不合句意，故而这里的“三天”是表示时段的补语。
再如：他买了二米，线长〈二米〉。
前者“二米”是“买”的对象，自然是宾语。后者“二米”是补充说明形容词“长”的，形容词具有不带宾语的特点，故而这“二米”只能是补语。此外，非动作动词“有、等于、变成”等后面所带的数量结构都是这些词所涉及的对象，所以不是补语，而是宾语。
例如：我有十个；一个变成了二个；三个加三个等于六个。这些句子中的数量结构都是宾语。
其三，用“得”、“这”二字检验，从“顺序”“结构”分析。
我们知道，结构助词“得”是补语的标志。如：
他笑得〈非常天真〉；
这花香得〈很〉；
他说得〈怎么样〉？
但是，如果“得”字不作为结构助词而作为独立词素出现时，我们就不能混为一谈。如：
他懂得这事。
你值得学习。
这些句子中“得”字与其它词素结合而成一个不可分割的词，故而不是补语的标志，它后面的成份是宾语。 用代词“这”可以判定“个”字的宾语和补语。“个”字是最常见的量词，通常用在名词前头。例如：
（1）吃个西瓜。
（2）吃个〈痛快〉。
第（1）句中“西瓜”是“吃”对象，是宾语，且可以在“个”字前面加“这”字；第（2）句中“痛快”是补充说明“吃”的，不可能在“个”字前边加“这”字。也就是说，通常情况下“个”字前边能加“这”字的是宾语，否则即为补语。 一般说，动词后边同时有宾语或补语时，是补在前、宾在后，所以宾语和补语在动词后的位置有时也可以做为判定依据。如：
他打了〈三次〉球。
我织〈成〉一件毛衣。
但也有些情况却恰恰相反，是宾在前、补在后。例：
（1）他每天上山〈两趟〉。
当补语是量词结构时，这种顺序较为常见。例：
（2）你拿杯水〈来〉吧！他撕〈下〉一张纸〈来〉。
这两个句子中前者补语是趋向动词，置于宾语之后；后者补语是合成趋向动词，两个部份分别置于宾语前头和后头。有些介词结构也可以放置在宾语之后作补语，如：这件事〈给人以巨大的鼓舞〉。
另外，有些形式相同的短语可以通过分析结构的方法来对比判定。
例如：他跑〈下大堤〉。他摘下眼镜。这两个句子中都有带“下”字的词组，前一句“下”与“大堤”构成动宾关系，做“跑”的补语，补充说明跑的结果是下了大堤，而不是“大堤”被“跑下”；后一句的“下”与“摘”搭配成词，做谓语，“眼镜”做“摘下”一词的宾语“眼镜”是被“摘下”；再如：我希望去一次；我去〈一次〉。这两个句子中也都有形式相同的“去一次”，但根据结构分析，它在句子中充当的成份显然不同。
总之，虽然宾语和补语有难以分辨的一面，但只要我们在教学过程中认真对待，多做对比、总结，经过反复训练，总还是能够达到预期目的的。
三、句子成分的名称及符号
名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
符号：主语= 谓语 － 宾语～
定语 （ ）状语 [ ]补语 < >
①句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。
补充成分是：定 语、状语、补语。
②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用‖划开。
句子成分划分口诀
（一）主谓宾，定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。主干成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。
定语必在主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。
（二）看全句、抓中心，缩句先找主谓宾。主干原句有歧义，恰当带上状补定。
谓语前有状形容，定语修饰主和宾。“的”“地”“得”要分清，定状补、它标明。
划分句子的口诀：
（1）句子成分要划对，（2）纵观全局找主谓。
（3）主前定状谓后补，（4）谓前只有状地位。
（5）“的”定“地”状“得”后补， （6）宾语只受谓支配。
四、（1）划分句子成分，首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。
主语：是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。
谓语：是陈述主语，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
宾语：在动词后面，表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物，回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。
句子一般有两种情况：写人、写物（写事、写物）。分析句子时，首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。
①写人格式：“谁” ＋ “干什么”
（主语） （谓语）（ 宾语）
例：杨亚 ‖ 写 字
主 谓 宾
注意：处理复杂的单句时，要抓主干。
例：一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。
主谓 宾
②写物
格式：“什么事”或“什么物”＋“怎么样”
（ 主语 ） （谓语、宾语）
例：猫 ‖捉 鱼
主 谓 宾
例：一只小猫‖在盆边捉了一条大鱼
主 谓 宾
注意：“是”为典型的动词，一般是“谓语”。
例如： 他 ‖ 是学生
主谓 宾
（2）划分句子成分，还要抓住枝干（定语、状语、补语）
定语：在句子中起着修饰、限制主语或宾语中心语的作用。
状语：修饰、限制谓语中心语，一般在谓语中心语前面，有的在句子最前面，交待时间、地点、范围、情况等。
补语：对谓语中心语起补充说明作用，一般放在谓语中心语之后。
例： 画眉 唱歌
这是一个把主语中心语、谓语中心语、宾语中心语单提出的句子。原句是 “两只美丽的画眉高兴地唱一首歌。” ①（两只美丽的）画眉
“两只美丽”是 “画眉”——主语中心语的修饰部分，叫“定语”。
②[高兴]地唱
谓语中心语“唱”前边的修饰、限制成分——“高兴”为“状语”。
③（一首）歌
宾语中心语“歌”前的修饰、限制部分——“一首”为“定语”。
④．歌唱得＜好＞
修饰、限制谓语中心语“唱”，并放在它后面的部分——“好”为“补语”。
示例及练习部分
1、鲁班是我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑工匠。
答案：（鲁班）主语（是）谓语（我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑）定语（工匠）宾语。
2、那个时候的社会生产力还十分落后。
答案：（那个时候的）（社会）定语（生产力）主语（还）（十分）状语（落后）谓语。
3、鲁班接受了一项大的建筑工程任务。
答案：（鲁班）主语（接受）谓语（了）状语（一项大的建筑工程）定语（任务）宾语。
4、鲁班从中得到启发。
答案：（鲁班）主语（从中）状语（得到）谓语（启发）宾语。
5、蔡伦出生在一个贫苦的铁匠家里。
答案：（蔡伦）主语（出生）谓语（在一个贫苦的铁匠家里）补语。
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