睿智笃行勤学善思一路阳光编，作形式主语真正的主语为后面的不定式，七定语修饰名词或代词的词短语或从句称为定语，一主系表基本结构练习观察下列句子完成以下目标，在本句中联系动词不译成汉语是只起联系作用。
八年级简单句基本句子结构练习
睿智、笃行、勤学、善思 一 路 阳 光 编
简单句基本句子结构
简单句的六个基本句型
主语 ＋ 谓语 She came．/ My head aches.
主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋宾语She likes English.
主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋表语 She is happy．
主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．
There +be句型 There is a book on the desk.
一、 典型例题
写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.
6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school early.
(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother doesn't do his homework.
ABC D
② People all over the world speak English.
ABC D
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
A B C D
④ How many new words do you learn ?
A BC D
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
A BC D
(二) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man is feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?
AB CDA B CD
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
AB C D
④ Soon They all become interested in the subject. ⑤ She is the first to learn about it.
A B C DA BC D
1
睿智、笃行、勤学、善思 一 路 阳 光 编
(三) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name?
ABC DA B CD
③ On the third lap are Cla1 and Cla3.
ABCD
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
A BCD
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
ABC D
（四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
A B C D
② He asks her to take the boy out of school.
A BCD
③ She find it difficult to do the work.
A B CD
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
ABC D
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
A BC D
(五) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There is a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
AB CD A B CD
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
A B C D
④ The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.
AB CD
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, MiLi hurried off.
ABCD
(六) 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语（ ）
① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Does he leave any message for me?
2
句子基本结构-成分划分-练习
英语划分句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this claare girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如※以肯定的语气叙述主语状态时，要用系动词be※表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时，系动词用look, feel, sound, taste, smell※表示主语状态变化时，系动词用become ,get, grow, come , turn (若跟名词不加冠词) ，fall (asleep, ill, silent)等，后面大多数接形容词作表语。但become, turn亦可接名词作表语等※表示主语的持续时，系动词用remain, stay , keep, continue ※从印象的角度说明主语所处的状态和特征时，系动词用appear to be (常用于书面)，seem (to be )☆1、 其后要求接形容词，而不是副词作表语。要特别注意的是有些动词既可以作系动词，又可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择。 2、 这类词不用进行时。 3、系动词无被动式)。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The clais over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），要求双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词，直接宾语提前，动词后加to或for，现归纳如下。①后面加to的动词：give 给tell 告诉bring 带来send 寄，送hand 交给read 读pa递给return 把……还给……lend 借给throw 扔……给……leave 留给promise 许诺，答应refuse 拒绝
②后面加for的动词：get 得到make 制造，做buy 买do 做play 演奏order 命令
sing 唱歌pay 为……而付钱
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词+宾语+宾补。※宾语+名词”常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave※宾语+形容词”常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want▲“宾语+副词”。 ▲“宾语+介词短语”。 ▲“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种： A 要求带to的不定式B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, have，see, , watch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel等，用不定式作宾语补语时，要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时，还要 加上“to等 C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to▲“宾语+现在分词” see, , watch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel▲“宾语+过去分词” ▲ 形式宾语＋形容词▲宾语+what 从句+※主补：对主语的补充。
例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
简单句的五种基本句型口诀
英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键；vt.又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见；还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。
注意：带特殊疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常 用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(间接)+疑问词+不定式
简单句的五个基本句型
主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语She likes English.
主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋表语 She is happy．
主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
主语 ＋ 宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
（ There +be There lies a book on the desk.）
一、指出下列句子句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
句子基本结构练习
一、“主+系+表”基本结构练习：观察下列句子，完成以下目标
1、译成汉语 2、划出句子中的主语，联系动词和表语。
3、说出表语是名词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式还是分词？
4、联系动词be是否译成汉语“是”其它联系动词分别表达什么意思？
(1) They are all famous singers.
主语______是_______词,联系动词______，表语_______是_____词。
在本句中联系动词译成汉语“是”。
(2) The play was interesting.
主语______是_______词,联系动词______，表语_______是_____词。
在本句中联系动词不译成汉语“是”，只起联系作用。
(3)The bottle is over there.
主语______是_______词,联系动词______，表语_______是_____词。
在本句中联系动词不译成汉语“是”，只起联系作用。
(4) Jennifer must be at least thirty-five.
主语______是_______词,联系动词______，表语_______是_____词。
在本句中联系动词译成汉语“是”。
(5) Captain Charles Alison will be in his small boat,topsail.
主语______是_______词,联系动词______，表语______________是_____短语。
在本句中联系动词不译成汉语“是”，只起联系作用。
(6) My favourite sport is fishing.
主语______是_______词,联系动词______，表语_______是_____词。
在本句中联系动词译成汉语“是”。Fishing表达的是_________的动作。
(7) My plan is to play tennis this afternoon.
主语______是_______词,联系动词______，表语__________是________短语。
在本句中联系动词译成汉语“是”。To play tennis表达的是__________的动作。
(8) The piano there is broken.
主语______是_______词,联系动词______，表语_______是________词。
在本句中联系动词不译成汉语“是”，只起联系作用。（熟记：break-broke-broken）
(9) You look ill today.
主语______是_______词,联系动词______，表语_______是_____词。
在本句中联系动词______表达状态，译成：_____。
(10)When spring come,it becomes warm.
主语______是_______词,联系动词______，表语_______是_____词。
在本句中联系动词______表达状态改变，译成：_____。
综上所述，“主+系+表”结构语序和汉语是相同的。
难点：1、be的各种时态：
写出be的一般现在时态、一般过去时态、一般将来时态、现在进行时态、过去进行时态现在完成时态、过去完成时态、过去将来时态和含有情态动词的各种形式。
2、不同的词作表语，be又是译成汉语“是”，有时不译成汉语。
二、“主+谓+宾”基本结构练习：观察下列句子，完成以下目标
1、译成汉语 2、划出句子中的主语、谓语、宾语和宾语补足语
3、上述句子成分都是那些词？谓语动词是及物还是不及物动词？宾语是直接宾语还是间接宾语？
(1) Igot up early last Sunday.
主语______是_______词,谓语动词______是________动词，无需带_____语就能表达完整意思。 本句基本结构是：_____________________.
(2) I could not hear the actors.
主语______是_______词,谓语动词______是______动词，需带_____语_______才能表达完整意思。 本句基本结构是：_____________________.
(3) Postcards always spoil my holidays.
主语______是_______词,谓语动词______是______动词，需带_____语_______才能表达完整意思。 本句基本结构是：_____________________.
(4) A friendly waiter lent me a book.
主语______是_______词,谓语动词______是________动词，它带有_______宾语_____和______宾语__________________.本句基本结构是：__________________________.
本句还可以把间接宾语me放在后边：_______________________________________.
(5) Now you can pay me my dinner..
主语______是_______词,谓语动词______是________动词，它带有_______宾语_____和______宾语__________________.本句基本结构是：__________________________.
本句还可以把间接宾语me放在后边：_______________________________________.
(6) My mother told me not to play football in the atreet.
主语______是_______词,谓语动词______是________动词，它带有宾语_____和宾语补足语
_______________.本句基本结构是：__________________________.宾语和补足语是_______关系。
(7) I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.
主语______是_______词,谓语动词______是________动词，它带有宾语_____和宾语补足语
_______________.本句基本结构是：__________________________.宾语和补足语是_______关系。
(8) My mother always makes me do housework on Sundays.
主语______是_______词,谓语动词______是________动词，它带有宾语_____和宾语补足语
_______________.本句基本结构是：__________________________.宾语和补足语是_______关系。
(9) I often hear my music teacher sing popular songs.
主语______是_______词,谓语动词______是________动词，它带有语_____和宾语补足语
_______________.本句基本结构是：__________________________.宾语和补足语是_______关系。 上述两句中谓语动词 make,hear等后边带的不定式宾补要省略to.
三、“There be”基本结构练习：观察下列句子，完成以下目标
1、译成汉语 2、分别说明主语是什么？be动词要用单数还是复数？
3、根据句意用be的单复数和正确时态填空4、主语要用a(an),some,any 修饰？
(1) There _____ ____ flower in the bottle.
主语是_______,是____名词____数，所以be动词要用_____，flower前要加____.
(2) There____ ______ milk in the bottle.
主语是_______,是____名词，所以be动词要用_____，milk前要加____.
(3) There ____ not____ sugar in the box.
主语是_______,是____名词，所以be动词要用_____，因为是否定句，所以sugar前要加____.
(4) There ____ three boxes of chalk and a bottle of ink in the desk.
主语是_________________，虽然是不可数名词，但因为three boxes是____数所以be动词要用_____，
(5) There ____ an earthquake ten years ago.
主语是_______,是____名词____数，因为表达的是过去的状态，所以be动词要用_____.
(6) There_____ _____a meeting in the classroom next week.
主语是_______,是____名词____数，因为表达的是将来的状态，所以be动词要用________.
(7) There _____ _____ a war in the town before.
主语是_______,是____名词____数，因为表达的是曾经发生的状态，所以be动词要用________.
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