名词化的形容词不定式动名词宾语从句等来担任,与是对应的其主语多为能流动能消耗的东西,买画制作三个动词在直接宾语前置时则必须在后边加构成,分析下列句子成分并判断句子结构类型。
句子成分讲解
句子成分讲解I
一、句子的组成
句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语、同位语八种
二、句子成分
1、主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
哪些词可以充当主语?
ThedoctorlookedoverMrs.Brownverycarefully.
Idon’tknowifitwillgrow.
Itisayoungforest
Oneisnotenoughforme.
Togiveisbetterthantoreceive
Whoisthebabyinthepicture?
Whatisthetime?
Therearemanydifferentkindsofmooncakes.
Thathedidn’tspendallthemoneyisright.
(Itisrightthathedidn’tspendallthemoney.)
2、谓语说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语由动词来承担主语的后面。
谓语的形式
Iagree.
Hegavemeapen.
Weareallhere.
Helookedworried.
Iwon’tdoitagain.
HecanspeakEnglish.
Ihaven’tunderstoodyet.
(Note:主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分,除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。)
3名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
Isawacatinthetree.
Iwanttogoshopping.
Givetherubbertome.=Givemetherubber.
Wethinkyouareright.
4、补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
Ifinditinteresting.
Ifinditinterestingtoreadthisbook.
Icallthestudentsbackatonce.
Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.
Ithinkyourbrotheracleverboy.
Wehearhimsinginginthehall.
句子成分讲解II
5、定语修饰名词或代词。定语可以由名词,修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
Thatisabeautifulflower.
Thisismybook,notyourbook.
Therearemorethantwentytrees.
Ihavealotofthingstodo.
Ourcountryisadevelopingcountry.
TheTVsetmadeinthatfactoryisverygood.
6、状语用来修饰动词,或者说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词,短语以及从句来担任。
Heranrapidly.
Iputdownthevaseonthegroundcarefully.
Wefoundthelittlegirlinthehill.
IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.
Heworkshardinordertoearnmoremoney.
ItissocoldtodaythatIcatchacold.
Ifyoustudy,youcangainhighgrades.
Hewentbackhome,sleepyandtired.
7、表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,它常位于系动词(be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。
Africaisabigcontinent.
Who'she?
Itisbeautiful.
Pleasekeepquiet.
Youshouldstaycalm.
Itremainsapuzzle.
Thisiswhathesaid.
8、同位语:一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.
YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
相关习题:
划出下列句子的句子成分。
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.
6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
7.Iloveyoumorethanher.
8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.
10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.
12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.
13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.
14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.
句子结构成分分析讲解加练习完整版
I.根据结构划分:①简单句
S+V(主+谓)
S+V+P(主+谓+表)
S+V+O(主+谓+宾)
S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)②并列句and,but,or
③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同)
副词从句(状语从句)形容词从句(定语从句)II.根据功能划分:陈述句
疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句)
祈使句
感叹句
I.常用作连系动词:
①变成,变得:become,come,fall,get,go,grow,,turn
口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get\become口语化,如果要说就用它.
口诀解读:
Come一般表示事物由坏变好,结果是好的。
如:Dreamscometrue.梦想成真。
Go一般表示事物由好变坏,结果是不好的。
如:It'ssuchahotdaytodaythatthisdishhasgonesmelly.今天太热了,菜都馊了。Grow表示逐渐变化,强调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。
如:Iwanttogrowoldwithyou.我想和你一起慢慢变老。
Run与grow是对应的,其主语多为能流动,能消耗的东西。
如:Stillwaterrunsdeep.静水深流。
Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词,侧重于表达与之前大不相同。如:Theweathersuddenlyturnedhot.天气突然变热了。
Inspringthetreesturngreen,theflowerscomeout.春天树变绿了,花开了。
II.代双宾语的动词
“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。
1、“七给”(give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”
如:Helentsomemoneytome.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等
2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”。
如:Motherboughtanewdreforme。类似的动词还有:build,choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order(订购),reach等。
反意疑问句
附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。
一般来说有两种形式:陈述肯定,则所附问句否定;陈述句否定,则所附问句肯定。
TheEmbarrassedMagician.
Magician(toyoungsterhehascalleduponthestage):
Now,myboy,youhaveneverseenmebefore,haveyou?
Boy:NoDaddy.
Youhavecompletedthatjob,haven’tyou?
Youhavenotcompletedthatjob,haveyou?
三.祈使句:
用以表示请求,命令,劝告,建议等语气的句子。
主语You常省略,只以动词原形开头。
一般没有时态变化,不与情态动词连用。
Stopbuggingme.
Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.
Don’tgetmewrong.
Let’sjusthavearest.
Let’shopeforthebest.
Letbygonesbebygones
Makehaywhilesunshines.
四.感叹句:
主要由what和how来引导。
What结构主要有两种
A、Whata(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语部分!
Whatalovelyboyheis!
B.What+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分!
Whatfoolishmistakesyouhavemade.
Whatniceweather(itis)!
How结构主要有一种:
A.How+形容词/副词+主谓部分Howlovelytheboyis!
Howfastthetimeflies!
B.How+主谓部分(实义动词做谓语)HowIhateexam!我真烦考试!
Howhesnores!他鼾声如雷!
(二)practice
2.分析下列句子成分,并判断句子结构类型。Timefliesby.
I’monadiet.
Iownyouone.
Itslippedmymind.
Oldhabitsdiehard.
Ienjoyyourcompany.
Ican’tstandtheheat.
Chattingontheinternetbringsmealotoffun.HespeaksEnglishwell.
TeacherswillmakeyourEnglishbetter.Theyfoundthedeadboy.
Theyfoundtheboydead.
Ifoundthebookeasily.
Ifoundthebookeasy.
TomfoundJimanapartment.
WefoundJohnaloyalfriend.’
Iwillfindyouagoodteacher.
Shewillmakehimagoodwife.
Shewillmakehimagoodhusband.
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
1.主语(subject)句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)
Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
2.谓语(predicate)说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
3.表语(predicative)系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)
Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)
Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)
(常见的系动词有be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),
remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...
Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.
4.宾语:
1)动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Weneedtwo.(数词)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake.
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
5.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)
Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名词)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)
6.主补:对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.
Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.
7.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)
Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(现在分词)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)
8.状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或者句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
Iwillgotheretomorrow.
Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
基本句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型
主语+谓语Shecame./Myheadaches.主语+谓语+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+表语Sheishappy.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.
Sheboughtabookforme.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.
分析下列句子成分
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.
6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
7.---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.
8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.、
10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.