句子成分讲解

句子成分讲解 | 楼主 | 2017-07-17 13:28:30 共有3个回复
  1. 1句子成分讲解
  2. 2句子结构成分分析讲解加练习完整版
  3. 3英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

名词化的形容词不定式动名词宾语从句等来担任,与是对应的其主语多为能流动能消耗的东西,买画制作三个动词在直接宾语前置时则必须在后边加构成,分析下列句子成分并判断句子结构类型。

句子成分讲解2017-07-17 13:27:44 | #1楼回目录

句子成分讲解I

一、句子的组成

句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语、同位语八种

二、句子成分

1、主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

哪些词可以充当主语?

ThedoctorlookedoverMrs.Brownverycarefully.

Idon’tknowifitwillgrow.

Itisayoungforest

Oneisnotenoughforme.

Togiveisbetterthantoreceive

Whoisthebabyinthepicture?

Whatisthetime?

Therearemanydifferentkindsofmooncakes.

Thathedidn’tspendallthemoneyisright.

(Itisrightthathedidn’tspendallthemoney.)

2、谓语说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语由动词来承担主语的后面。

谓语的形式

Iagree.

Hegavemeapen.

Weareallhere.

Helookedworried.

Iwon’tdoitagain.

HecanspeakEnglish.

Ihaven’tunderstoodyet.

(Note:主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分,除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。)

3名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。

Isawacatinthetree.

Iwanttogoshopping.

Givetherubbertome.=Givemetherubber.

Wethinkyouareright.

4、补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。

Ifinditinteresting.

Ifinditinterestingtoreadthisbook.

Icallthestudentsbackatonce.

Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.

Ithinkyourbrotheracleverboy.

Wehearhimsinginginthehall.

句子成分讲解II

5、定语修饰名词或代词。定语可以由名词,修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。

Thatisabeautifulflower.

Thisismybook,notyourbook.

Therearemorethantwentytrees.

Ihavealotofthingstodo.

Ourcountryisadevelopingcountry.

TheTVsetmadeinthatfactoryisverygood.

6、状语用来修饰动词,或者说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词,短语以及从句来担任。

Heranrapidly.

Iputdownthevaseonthegroundcarefully.

Wefoundthelittlegirlinthehill.

IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.

Heworkshardinordertoearnmoremoney.

ItissocoldtodaythatIcatchacold.

Ifyoustudy,youcangainhighgrades.

Hewentbackhome,sleepyandtired.

7、表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,它常位于系动词(be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。

Africaisabigcontinent.

Who'she?

Itisbeautiful.

Pleasekeepquiet.

Youshouldstaycalm.

Itremainsapuzzle.

Thisiswhathesaid.

8、同位语:一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。

Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.

YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.

Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.

相关习题:

划出下列句子的句子成分。

1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.

2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou

3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.

4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.

5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.

6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.

7.Iloveyoumorethanher.

8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.

9.Theypushedthedooropen.

10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.

11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.

12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.

13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.

14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.

句子结构成分分析讲解加练习完整版2017-07-17 13:25:36 | #2楼回目录

I.根据结构划分:①简单句

S+V(主+谓)

S+V+P(主+谓+表)

S+V+O(主+谓+宾)

S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)②并列句and,but,or

③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同)

副词从句(状语从句)形容词从句(定语从句)II.根据功能划分:陈述句

疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句)

祈使句

感叹句

I.常用作连系动词:

①变成,变得:become,come,fall,get,go,grow,,turn

口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get\become口语化,如果要说就用它.

口诀解读:

Come一般表示事物由坏变好,结果是好的。

如:Dreamscometrue.梦想成真。

Go一般表示事物由好变坏,结果是不好的。

如:It'ssuchahotdaytodaythatthisdishhasgonesmelly.今天太热了,菜都馊了。Grow表示逐渐变化,强调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。

如:Iwanttogrowoldwithyou.我想和你一起慢慢变老。

Run与grow是对应的,其主语多为能流动,能消耗的东西。

如:Stillwaterrunsdeep.静水深流。

Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词,侧重于表达与之前大不相同。如:Theweathersuddenlyturnedhot.天气突然变热了。

Inspringthetreesturngreen,theflowerscomeout.春天树变绿了,花开了。

II.代双宾语的动词

“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。

1、“七给”(give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”

如:Helentsomemoneytome.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等

2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”。

如:Motherboughtanewdreforme。类似的动词还有:build,choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order(订购),reach等。

反意疑问句

附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。

一般来说有两种形式:陈述肯定,则所附问句否定;陈述句否定,则所附问句肯定。

TheEmbarrassedMagician.

Magician(toyoungsterhehascalleduponthestage):

Now,myboy,youhaveneverseenmebefore,haveyou?

Boy:NoDaddy.

Youhavecompletedthatjob,haven’tyou?

Youhavenotcompletedthatjob,haveyou?

三.祈使句:

用以表示请求,命令,劝告,建议等语气的句子。

主语You常省略,只以动词原形开头。

一般没有时态变化,不与情态动词连用。

Stopbuggingme.

Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.

Don’tgetmewrong.

Let’sjusthavearest.

Let’shopeforthebest.

Letbygonesbebygones

Makehaywhilesunshines.

四.感叹句:

主要由what和how来引导。

What结构主要有两种

A、Whata(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语部分!

Whatalovelyboyheis!

B.What+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分!

Whatfoolishmistakesyouhavemade.

Whatniceweather(itis)!

How结构主要有一种:

A.How+形容词/副词+主谓部分Howlovelytheboyis!

Howfastthetimeflies!

B.How+主谓部分(实义动词做谓语)HowIhateexam!我真烦考试!

Howhesnores!他鼾声如雷!

(二)practice

2.分析下列句子成分,并判断句子结构类型。Timefliesby.

I’monadiet.

Iownyouone.

Itslippedmymind.

Oldhabitsdiehard.

Ienjoyyourcompany.

Ican’tstandtheheat.

Chattingontheinternetbringsmealotoffun.HespeaksEnglishwell.

TeacherswillmakeyourEnglishbetter.Theyfoundthedeadboy.

Theyfoundtheboydead.

Ifoundthebookeasily.

Ifoundthebookeasy.

TomfoundJimanapartment.

WefoundJohnaloyalfriend.’

Iwillfindyouagoodteacher.

Shewillmakehimagoodwife.

Shewillmakehimagoodhusband.

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习2017-07-17 13:26:18 | #3楼回目录

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

1.主语(subject)句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)

Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)

2.谓语(predicate)说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.

3.表语(predicative)系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)

Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)

Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)

Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)

Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)

(常见的系动词有be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),

remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...

Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.

Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.

4.宾语:

1)动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Weneedtwo.(数词)

Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid(宾语从句)

2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake.

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.

3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.

5.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名词)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)

Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)

Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)

6.主补:对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.

Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.

7.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)

Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)

Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(现在分词)

Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)

YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)

8.状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或者句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

(以下例句按上述顺序排列)

Iwillgotheretomorrow.

Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.

Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.

Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.

Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.

基本句子结构

简单句的五个基本句型

主语+谓语Shecame./Myheadaches.主语+谓语+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+表语Sheishappy.

主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.

Sheboughtabookforme.

主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.

Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.

There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.

分析下列句子成分

1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.

2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou

3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.

4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.

5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.

6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.

7.---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.

8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.

9.Theypushedthedooropen.、

10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.

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