复合句含有一个或一个以上从句的句子，主语系动词表语名词数词形容词副词介词，不定式动名词分词形容词短语悬垂，状语一般由副词介词短语状语从句非谓语动词担任，句子不简洁应将划线部分删去变换句式。
语法——基本句型和句子成分
语法：句子成分和基本句型：
句子分三种：简单句、复合句、并列句。
1.简单句：主谓宾定状：主语、谓语、宾语是基本成分，定语和状语是修饰成分。主语就是你要描述的对象Iloveyou.中"I"就是主语。也可以是物Thebirdsings.
谓语就是由主语所发出的行为、动作等。一般都用动词作谓语，Iloveyou.中"love"
宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。一般由名词或代词、不定式、名词性的短语充当。e.g.Ilovethegirl."you"就是宾语，是接受动作的对象。Ieatanapple.接受动作的是anapple。
定语是用来说明被修饰成分的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，修饰名词或代词；一般由形容词充当e.g.Ilovethecutegirl.
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的成分。主要由副词担任。状语有分时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、条件状语、目的状语、方式状语、让步状语、伴随状语
e.g.Ilovethecutegirl.
状语修饰动词Ilovethecutegirlverymuch.
状语修饰形容词Ilovetheverycutegirl.
状语修饰整个句子Iloveyouinallmylife.
e.g.Theflyingbirdsings.
状语修饰动词Theflyingbirdsingshappily.
状语修饰形容词Therapidlyflyingbirdsings.
状语修饰整个句子Theflyingbirdsingsinthemorning（时间状语）/outside（地点）/togetmyattention（目的）.
2.复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。记住一句话：其实复合句的成分和简单句一样，只不过是把简单句中的主宾定状语不再由词来充当，而是由句子（从句）来充当。主语换主语从句：Iloveyou.Whoevermeetsyouloveyou.Whateveryoudoisright.宾语换宾语从句：Iloveyou.Ilovewhoeverlovesme.Ithinkthat…
定语换定语从句：Iloveyou.I,whoisyourbestchoice,loveyou.
状语换状语从句：Iloveyou.Iloveyouwhenyousmile.Iloveyoubecauseyousmile.Iloveyousothatyousmile.Iloveyouifyousmile.
3.并列句：简单句+并列连词+简单句
并列连词：and，or，but，both…and，notonly…butalso，neither…nor（既不…也不），either…or（不是…就是）
Iloveyouandyouloveme.Iloveyoubutyoudon’tloveme.NotonlydoIlove,butalsoIwanttomarryyou.
1
英语基本句子的写法
第一步：如何写好基本句子
1.六种基本句型
1）主语+谓语(+状语)（主语+动词（+副词、介词短语等））
Iamspeaking.
Hewalksveryfast.
(Hewalkshisdoginthe
parkeveryevening.)
Thesunrisesintheeast.
Herecomesthebus.(此句主谓倒装了)Hereitcomes.
Hereisyourchange.
Hereweare.
Theregoesthebugle.(此句主谓倒装了)
2）主语+谓语+宾语（主语+及物动词+宾语（名词、代词、数词
等））
IstudyEnglish.
Sheloveshim.
Wegetthree.
3)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Hegivesmeabook.
Shewillbuymeabike.
Hewillgiveabooktome.
Shewillbuyabikeforme.
Abookisgiventome.
Iamgivenabook.
4)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补
足语(名词、形容词、介词短语、副词)
WecallhimJohn.
Theyfindthetaskdifficult.
Sheregardsmeasherbrother.Shesawhimout.
WhathasmadeChina
whatsheistoday?
Wefoundhimmurderedin
thehouse.
Shesawherbrotherlying
ontheground.
Wenoticedthedrivergetonthebusanddriveitaway.
5)主语+系动词+表语（名词、数词、形容词、副词、介词
短语等）
Sheisastudent.
Heistwenty.
Wearestrong.
Shelooksveryyoung.
Hearinghisjoke,herface
turnedred.
Hereisyourchange.(此句主表倒装了)Thebookisonthetable.
Withyouincharge,Iamatease.
6）Therebe+主语（+状语）
Thereisadeskintheclassroom.Therearemanystudentsontheplayground.
2.句子的四种类型
1）简单句
JohnlovesMary.
JohnlovesMaryandgiveshermoney.
JohnandCliffloveMary.
JohnandCliffloveMaryand
hersisterandgivethemmoney.一个简单句可表示：
A．astatement(陈述)
Mr.Brownteachesthisclass.
B.aquestion(问题)
Doyouunderstandme?
C.acommandorarequest(命令)Openthedoor.
Pleasehelpmewithmywork.
Letusgorightaway.
D.anexclamation(感叹)
Howcolditis!
Howfastheruns!
Whatanicedayitis!
2)并列复合句
JohnlovesMary,butshedoesn’tlovehim.
FinallyJohnpersuadedMarytomarryhimforheisacharmingpersistentyoungman.
Thewindisblowing;thelightflashing;thethunderroaring;
therainpouringdown;theearthrocking.
并列复合句常用连词有：
A．表示并列关系的连、副词有：and;notonly…..butalso;furthermore;besides;likewise;moreover;again;IlikeEnglishandhelikesFrench.Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.
Thecarwasalmostnew;
furthermoreitwasinexcellentcondition.
B．表示转折关系的连\副、介
词：
but;yet;still;however;
nevertheless;in
spiteof;despite;
notwithstanding;
despitethat
Thecoatwasthinbutitwaswarm.
Thecarwasquiteold;yetitwas
inexcellentcondition.
Inspiteofitsage,thecarwasin
excellentcondition.
Thecarwasquiteold;despitethat
itwasinexcellentcondition.
C.表示选择关系的连词：or;
neither;neither….nor
Youmustworkharder,oryou
willlosetheexam.
Eitheryouranswerormineis
wrong.
Youranswerisnotright,
neitherismine.
NeitheryounorIamtoblame.
D.表示因果关系的连\副词:so;
then;therefore;consequently;
accordingly;
Therainbegantofall,sowe
wenthome.
Weworkeduntilsix;thenwe
wenthome.
Hebroketherulesofthe
school;thereforehehadtoleave.
3）主从复合句
宾语从句)主语从句)表语从句)
主语从句)宾语从句)
doesnotlovehim.(状语从句)
定语从句)Nomatterwhathappens\
goon.(状语从句)
4）并列主从复合句
Whenheavyraincomes,the
streamsrise,andfarmersknow
thattherewillbefloods.
TheneighborhoodthatHenry
grewupinwasfairlyprosperous,
butitwasbynomeanswealthy.
3.写句子时常见错误
1）不定式、动名词、分词、形容词短语悬垂
incorrectcorrect
TolearnEnglishwell,muchpracticeTolearn….,weneedmuchpractice.
isnecessary.
Heated,wecanmakewaterintosteam.Heated,watercanbemadeintosteam.
Afterreadingtheletter,myheartwasAfterreading...,Ifoundmyheartbeatingfast.
beatingfast.
Afraidtoeatanymoreseafood,theAfaidtoeat...,heaskedthewaitertoremoveit…
waiterremoveditfromhistable.
2)修饰语错位
ThenewsboywalkedhisbicycletoThenewsboyburdenedwithnewspaperswalked…
Thehouseofhisfirstcostomer
Burdenedwithnewspaper.
TheU.S.onlyhasahistoryof200TheU.S.hasahistoryofonly200-oddyears.
-oddyears.
AlicecouldseealotofcarsrunningThoughherwindowAlicecouldsee…
fastoutsidethroughherwindow.
tothelovelyactress.
3)代词指代混乱
BeforeCathygavethedogitsfood,Cathywashedthedogbeforeshegaveititsfood.
shewashedit
Jackwasbittenbyadog,butitwas…,butthebitewasnotserious.
notserious.
InMary’slettershetriedtopersuadeInherletter,Mary…
ustogiveuptheplan.
Miketoldhisfatherthathiscarwouldn’tMikesaidtohisfather,“Yourcarwon’tstart.”
start.
4).混乱转换
EverystudentisrequiredtobringtheirbooksEverystudentsis…hisbooks…
totheclassroom.
Shelefttheclassroomwhenthetestisover.Sheleft…whenthetestwasover.
First,buildafireandthenyoushouldmakethe…,andthenmakethecoffee.
coffee.
5).不完整句
HehadaneedandaninterestinlearningaHehadaneedforandaninterestin…
secondforeignlanguage.
SuzhouinnearertoShanghaithanNanjing.SuzhouisnearertoShanghaithanNanjingis.
4.写简洁的句子
句子不简洁，应将划线部分删去5.变换句式HegavetherosetothelovelyactreHegavetherosethathehadboughtforhiswifethathehadboughtforhiswife.
Hepickeduptheballquickly.Quicklyhepickedupthe…
HewasyoungandshortandcouldnotjoinHewastooyoungandtoshorttojointhearmy.
thearmy.
Thomaswastiredofstudying,sohetookTiredofstudying,Thomas…
arest.
Tolstoy,completingAnnaKarennina,wonCompletingAnnaKarenian,Tolstoywon…
thenationalrecognitioninRussia.
6.破句
HedecidedtolearnJapanese.Hedecidedtolearn…becauseitis…
Becauseitisausefullanguage.
Thegrouptravelledforaweek.Thegrouptravelled…andfinallyarrivedon…
FinallyarrivingonSaturday.
Oneofthecentury’sgreat…penicillin,amiracle…
Medicalinventionispenicillin.Amiracle
drugthathassavedmillionsoflives.
7.溶合句
ShewrotehimaloveletterheansweredShewrote…andheansweredherinperson.
herinperson.
ThebeltwastoosmallforhimshehadThebeltwassosamllforhimthatshehad…
tochangeitforanotherone.
Whydoyouaskhowdoesitconcernyou?Whydoyouaskhowitconcernsyou?
Ididn’twanttotalktomybrotherIpretendedIdidn’twant…soIpretendedtobeasleep.
tobeasleep.
8.句子成份不平衡
Simonishealthy,weakthyandanathlete.Simonis…andathletic.
Paulworksnotonlytocompetebuthealso…competebybutalsotowinamedal.
wantstowinamedal.
Idon’tknowwhichIenjoymore,toplay…enjoymore,playingtennisorswimming.
tennisorswimming.
Mymothershowsherlovebycookingand….showherlovebycookingforand
servingthefaimilyservingthefamily.
Exercises
Exercises1
Revisethefollowingsentences.
1.Tohearhimtalk,hewasthoughttobeamillionaire.
2.Readinganovel,thedoorbellrang.
3.Shestaredatthepeoplenearbywithangryeyes.
4.Whilewalkingalongthestreet,thehighbuildingslookedshinyandmagnificent.
5.Towinbusiness,manyrisksmustbetaken.
6.Asanonlyson,hisparentsaretooindulgenttohim.
7.Hehasonlyafacethatamothercouldlove.
8.JohnSmithwhoisaneighbourofminewillgowithus.
9.Thestudentsdomorningexerciseseverydaytokeepfit.
10.Theresultbeingthathewonthegame.
11.Mynewcarisapleasuretodrivethereisn’ttheslightestsqueakorrattle.
12.ThevillagersspeaklittleEnglishthevisitorsseldomknowanytheirlanguage.
13.SelectingHydeParkCornerasastartingplace,ourroutegoesalongKnightsbridge.
14.Steppingcarelesslyoffthepavement,thebusknockedhimdown.
15.Climbingtothetopofthetower,thereisamagnificnetviewtobeseen.
16.BeingSunday,Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.
17.Ifyoulearnhowtotakenotesinclass,muchextraworkwillbeavoided.
18.Firstmixsomeflourwithalittlewaterandthenyouputinsomesugar.
19.IsawmoreofhimthanRichard.
20.Thepolicman’swarningwasacceptedbyher.
21.Iwokeupatsixa.m.thismorning.
22.Shelookedasthoughshewasangry.
23.AlthoughTomarrivedlatehoweverhewasnotcriticizedbytheteacherbecausehehadabadheadache.
24.Becauseheaskedmetogo,soIwent.
25.Alreadywornoutbyillness,thebadnewskilledhim.
26.Drivingacaronfrozenroadsthebrakesshouldbeappliedgently.
27.LearningEnglish,thepronunciationalwayscausedmemosttrouble.
28.OneofntheyoungmenshoutedsomethinginGerman.
Wavinghishandintheair.
29.Hetoldmeasecret.Thathehadboughtheraring.
30.Tomtoldhisbrotherthathewasintrouble.
Exerciese2
Fillintheblankswithappropriateconnectives.
1._____ithadstoppedraining,welefttherailwaystation.
2.Celiaarrangedthemeeting,and,_____sheconsideredthetermsunfair,shesignedthecontract.
3.Attheageofseventy,theoldmanreturnedtohisnativetown_____hewasbroughtup.
4.Idon’tagreewithyou,_____doesmypartner.
5.Iamgoingoutforashorttime,______youcangetsupperready.
6.Findout_____theyaregoingthisevening_____ask_______wemayjointhem.
7._____idonotlikehimverymuch,Icanappreciatehisqualities.
8.Hewasveryseriouslyill;______doctorshavealmostgivenuphopeofhisrecovery.
9.Those______arenotpreparedtostudyshould_____changetheirways______makeroomforthose______willwork.
10.Theygotoocncertsofpopmusic_____theyreallylikeit.
11.Shecan’thopetopatheexaminDecember,_____she’llhvetowaittillJune.
12.Hebroketherulesoftheschool;_____hehadtoleave.
13.Idon’tknowanythingagainsttheman;_____Idon’ttrusthim.
14.I’llbuyanewsuitwhenIgetthechequefortheworkIdid;_____,I’mafraidthisoldonewillhavetodoabitlonger.
15.He’llneverbeagoodviolinist;_____,theprofessortoldhimso.
16.Hedoesn’tworkhard;_____he’sincapableofhardwork.
17.You’llrecognizehim______youseehim.
18.______isyouranswerwrong______mineis______.
19.Thenearesttownis5or10milesfrom_____theylive.
20.Youmustworkharder;______youwillbeputintoanotherclass.
附注：
主语一般由以下词类担任：名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句、
the+某些形容词;
Thefarmerworkshard.
Threeofuswentthereyesterday.
SheteachesEnglish.
Toservethepeopleismypleasure.
Cryingoverthespiltmilkisnouse.
Whathesaidatthemeetingisimportant.
Thepoorarelivingabitterlife.
谓语由动词担任。动词可分为：及物动词（要宾语,宾语可单也可双）、不及物动词（没有宾语）、短语动词（由动词+其他词构成，可及物，也可不及物，视后接的词具体情况而定）、连系动词；
HestudiesEnglish.
Shegavemetwobookslastweek.(此句谓语是双宾语及物动词)
Theteacherrunsfast.
Theworkerlooksatthepicturecarefully.
Weshouldpayattentiontoourenvironmentalprotection.
Themeetingtookplaceyesterday.
Youmaylookupthenewwordsinthedictionary.
Herfaceturnedred.
Itisasmallhouse.
宾语的词类与主语相同；
Theywilllookafterthegardenforyou.
Shegaveusthree.
Thenurseforgottogivemethemedicine.
Youshouldremembermeetingherlastweek.
Theteacherwilltelluswhathesaidatthemeetinglastweek.
Weshouldcareforthepoor.
宾语补足语一般由名词、形容词、介词短语、宾语补足语从句、非谓语动词（动词不定式、分词）担任；Thetrainingschoolmadeheragoodwifeandmother.
Doingmorningexercisemakesmestrong.
Weconsiderthereportofgreatimportance.
WhathasmadeChinawhatsheistoday?
Shewantsyoutohelpher.
Theyfoundthepersonseriouslyinjured.
Thenursefoundhimlyingontheground.
表语一般由名词、形容词、非谓语动词、介词短语、表语从句担任；
Heisafarmer.
Herfaceturnedred.
Iamatease.
Mydutyistolookafterthepatient.
Herjobiscleaningtheclassroom.
Thesituationispressing.
Weareallexcited.
Thatiswhathedidyesterday.
状语一般由副词、介词短语、状语从句、非谓语动词担任；
Shespeaksveryfast.
Wecandotheworkwithease.
Whenhecame,Ihadfinishedmyhomework.
Toservethepeoplebetter,wemuststudyhard.
Beinganhonestperson,hetoldthetruth.
Exploitedbythelandlord,thefarmersthereallhatedhim.
定语一般由名词（表用途）、数词、形容词、介词短语(后置)、副词、定语从句、非谓语动词担任；Hesatinthewaitingroom.
WeboughtacolorTVlastyear.
Theteacherteachestwentystudents.
Ourcountryisapowerfulone.
Thepenonthedeskismine.
Thefarmerstheresufferedalotbeforeliberation.
Mybrother,whoworksinShanghai,isaprofessor.
Theexloitedclassesandtheexloitingclassesarenaturallyhostiletoeachother.
Oneofthemeasurestakenistoorganizevisitstootherfactories.
Ihaveafewwordstosay.
Theylivedinaroomfacingthesouth.
Thisisthebookrecommendedbyourteacher.