简单句变定语从句
定语从句就是由一个句子修饰限定另一个句子的中心词.被修饰限定的成分叫先行词.连接主句和从句的词叫关系代词.
关系代词的作用有两点：
1 连接主句和从句
2 在从句中从句子成分,作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略.
关系代词 who,whom,whose,which,that
who
先行词是人 + who + 动词
The man is Mr.White.
The man has white hair.
The man who has white hair is Mr.White.
whose
先行词是人,whose + 名词
I have a friend.
His father is a teacher.
I have a friend whose father is a teacher.
whom
先行词是人,whom + 及物动词/不及物动词 + 介词
当介词提前的.时候,关系代词不能省略.
The man is my uncle.
We met the man.
The man we met is my uncle.
The man whom we met is my uncle.
The man who met us is my uncle.
The man is my uncle.
I spoke to the man.
定语从句：
关系代词
whom
先行词是人,whom + 及物动词/不及物动词 + 介词
当介词提前的时候,关系代词不能省略.
The man is my uncle.
I spoke to the man.
The man whom I spoke to is my uncle.
The man to whom I spoke is my uncle.
当介词提前的时候,先行词是物时,只能用which
I have a sister.
She lives in Paris.
I have a sister who lives in Paris.
The man who has white hair is Mr.White.
I have a friend whose father is a teacher.
I see you everyday.
I look at the blackboard everyday.
The man who we met is my uncle.
speak to sb.
I spoke to the man.
The man whom I spoke to is my uncle.
The man to whom I spoke is my uncle.
which 是指人以外的生命或没有生命的东西.
先行词（物） + which + 动词
He likes the house.
The house has a lot of windows.
He likes the house which has a lot of/many windows.
The books are on the desk.
The books are mine.
The books are on the counter.
The books which are on the counter are mine.
The dog is his.
The dog is carrying a basket.
The dog which is carrying a basket is his.
The dog carrying a basket is his.
Those men are making all that noise.
Those men are repairing the road.
Those men who are repairing the road are making all that noise.
Those men repairing the road are making all that noise.
语法讲解
He is the man.He came here last week.who
He is the man who came here last week.
She is the woman.I served the woman yesterday.who/whom
She is the woman who I served yesterday.
He likes the house which has many windows.
当先行词是物时,后边是which.which后有两种情况.
1 主语 + 及物动词.
2 主语 + 不及物动词 + 介词.
This is the letter.I received the letter yesterday.the letter/ which
This is the letter which I received yesterday.
I like the house.He lives in the house.the house/ which
I like the house which he lives in.(which可以省略）
I like the house in which he lives.（which不可以省略）
That is the boy.I talked about the boy last week.the boy/who/whom
That is the boy who/whom I talked about/told you about last week.
That is the boy about whom I told you last week.
当先行词是人时,后边是who/that
当先行词是人且人做宾语时,后边是who/whom/that
1 在从句的情况下,人作主语,后边是及物动词或不及物动词加介词,这样的情况下,关系代词可以省略.
2 如果介词提前了,介词后只能加whom
当先行词是物时,后边是which/that,如果从句是进行时态,which和be动词都可以省略.
当先行词是物时,关系代词是which/that,后边是人或物都可,后边接及物动词或不及物动词加介词,which/that 作宾语,则可以省略
如果是不及物动词加介词情况下,把介词提前,只能用which.
当先行词是人和动词时,后边是that
I saw a boy.The boy and his dog were walking in the park.
I saw a boy and his dog that were walking in the park.
当先行词前由序数词、最高级以及the only,the very,the same,all所修饰,或先行词为nothing,anything,everything 等不定代词时,后边的关系代词只能是that.
以who/what/which开头的疑问句,后边的关系代词只能是that.
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