英语中定语从句的用法

　　定语从句在句中起定语作用，修饰某一个名词或代词的从句，下面是小编为大家收集整理的英语中定语从句的用法相关内容，欢迎阅读。

英语中定语从句的用法

　　定义

　　用来修饰句子中的名词或代词或其短语的从句，就叫做定语从句。其实，就是拿句子来做名词、代词或是其短语的定语。如：

　　It's a book.

　　I bought the book yesterday.

　　以上两句话中，都有book一词，所以可以用定语从句把两句话连起来。即：

　　It's the book that I bought yesterday.

　　这句话中that引导的I bought yesterday就是一个定语从句，用来修饰the book。

　　两个概念

　　要想学好定语从句，得先弄清楚两个基本概念，即：先行词和关系词。

　　（一）先行词

　　所谓先行词，就是指定语从句所修饰的成分。这个名称倒是挺形象的，为什么？因为先行词永远出现在定语从句的前面，总是先走一步的，呵呵！

　　（二）关系词

　　所谓关系词，就是指用来连接定语从句的词语。关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词。需要注意的是，关系代词或关系副词都要在从句中充当成分的，所以是不可或缺的，尽管当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，经常可以省略（本文会继续讲到这个情况）。

　　我们在来看一下在第一节里出现的句子：

　　It's the book that I bought yesterday.

　　句中的the book就是先行词，被后面的从句I bought yesterday所修饰。而that就是关系代词，用来连接I bought yesterday，同时又在从句作bought的宾语，而且可以省略。

　　定语从句的学习，其实就是有关根据先行词的特点选择合适的关系词的学习。

　　三、分类

　　按照定语从句与先行词的关系紧密与否，可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

　　（一）限定性定语从句

　　限定性定语从句对先行词起着修饰限定作用，是不可或缺的。如：

　　These are the apples that/which they sent us two days ago.

　　（二）非限定性定语从句

　　非限定性定语从句对先行词起着补充说明作用，可要可不要。非限定性定语从句都会被逗号与先行词隔开。如：

　　They have to walk to the South Pole, which is out of a plane's reach.

　　【注意】

　　1、当先行词具有唯一性的时候，就只能采用非限定性定语从句，否则就会产生歧义或误解。如：

　　限定性定语从句：His wife who is now in Paris is one of my old classmates.

　　非限定性定语从句：His wife, who is now in Paris, is one of my old classmates.

　　因为限定性定语从句对先行词起着修饰限定作用，所以具有特指功能，所以第一句中的限定性定语从句意味着是特指他在巴黎的妻子，其潜台词就是他不只一个妻子，也许在上海或者在纽约等其他地方还有妻子。

　　而非限定性定语从句只对先行词起着补充说明作用，没有特指功能，所以第二句中的非限定性定语从句只是用来补充说明他的.妻子现在人在巴黎这个事实。

　　2、that和why不能用来引导非限定性定语从句

　　that不能用来连接非限定性定语从句，具体的请看下一节的内容。

　　而why因为总是紧跟先行词reason，所以也不能用于引导非限定性定语从句。如：

　　That's the reason why he was late for school this morning.

　　在reason和why之间，不能插入逗号。

　　四、关系代词

　　英语里能够用来连接定语从句的关系代词主要有：

　　that：表人或物

　　which：表物

　　who：表人（主格或宾格）

　　whom：表人（宾格）

　　whose：表人或物（所有格）

　　（一）that引导的定语从句

　　that引导定语从句时，其先行词既可能是人，也可能是物。如：

　　This is the photo that I took during the trip in France.

　　He is the man that will visit our school next week.

　　【注意】

　　1、当that的先行词表物时，可以用which来替换。此外，当that在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。如：

　　This is the photo that/which I took during the trip in France.

　　This is the photo I took during the trip in France.

　　句中的先行词the photo在从句I took during the trip in France中作took的宾语，所以可以省略。

　　2、不能用that的情况

　　1）当定语从句以介词开头时，一般不用that，而要用which或whom。如：

　　This is the pet dog for which I paid five hundred pounds.

　　She is the girl to whom I talked just now.

　　两句话的定语从句分别以介词for和to开头，所以后面不能再用that，而要采用which和whom。

　　2）当先行词是that时，往往用which来替换。如：

　　We have that which we need.

　　此时，that which往往可以用what来替换，因此我们可以把上面的句子改为：

　　We have what we need.

　　3）在非限定性定语从句中。如：

　　错误：His aunt, that is our maths teacher, often gives us candies as gifts.

　　正确：His aunt, who is our maths teacher, often gives us candies as gifts.

　　3、只能用that的情况

　　1）当先行词为everything、all，little、much等不定代词时。如：

　　All that glitters is not gold.

　　2）当先行词被all、every、no、any、some、little、much、one修饰时。如：

　　Don't waste any water that is reusable.

　　3）当先行词被the only、the very、the same、the last修饰时。如：

　　They are the only students that will attend the meeting.

　　4）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：

　　This is the first time that I have ever heard about a ghost.

　　5）当先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时。如：

　　There are five pens that will be on display tomorrow.

　　6）当先行词有人又有物时。如：

　　We don't like the teacher and his lessons that are not interesting at all.

　　7）当主句是以who或which及其-ever结构开头的特殊疑问句时。如：

　　Whoever that breaks the law will be punished.

　　4、多用who、不用that的情况

　　1）当先行词为anyone、one、ones时。如：

　　He is the one who will teach us English.

　　2）当先行词为those、he和people时。如：

　　Those who want to ask questions need to write them down first.

　　在从句中做主语或宾语

　　1、先行词是人，在从句中做主语，用who或that引导；在从句中做宾语，用whom、who或that引导，whom、who或that可以省略：

　　I’ve worked with the wonderful peoplewho make work so enjoyable.

　　I would like to be remembered as a manwho had a wonderful time living life.

　　There are friendswho make us feel so close to each otherand we can’t imagine a day without them.

　　Miss Wakeford is a fantastic teacher and she always helps childrenwho need it.

　　What advice do you have for someonewho wants to play jazz?

　　British people are among thosewho talk about the weather the most.

　　I’m sure I’m not the only onewho has a stack of books on my shelves to be read.

　　Darrow was a skilled attorney,who had devoted his practice to defending underdog clients.

　　I got a letter from my brother Lester,whom I’d not seen in two years.

　　There was a dinner with four women in town —two of whom I’d never met before that night.

　　There’s this younger generationthat doesn’t necessarily want to be what their parents were.

　　I love what I’m doing, and I’m one of the happiest peopleI know.

　　2、先行词是物，在从句中做主语或宾语，用which/that引导；在从句中做宾语时which/that可以省略：

　　Grandma taught me how to make some dishesthat are so simple and delicious.

　　Hurricanes are very large tropical stormsthat can cause a huge amount of destruction.

　　If you send a messagethat might be mean or unpleasant, that’s going to hurt peoplereceiving it.

　　What is the point of learning a languagethat no one speaks anymore?

　　If you find a new wordthat you do not know, look up its meaning in a dictionary.

　　Red foxes are intelligent animalsthat have learned to live in urban areas as well as in the countryside.

　　There is an amazing cafethat serves one of the best sweet the waffles I've ever had.

　　They spend their lives training for the Olymhttps://p.9136.com/1ce only every four years.

　　Once he brought a lambthat we kept as a pet.

　　Live that lifeyou have always wanted to live.

　　The sea fishing around the coast is excellent, a pastimeI often indulged in.

　　Are you always putting things off or failing to reach a goalyou want to achieve?

　　Take time to search for the musicyou loveand play it gently in the background.

　　Tear up those rule booksyou've been livingbyand take risks.

　　Did you manage to finish the homeworkMiss Mistry set for the holidays?

　　I’ve always chosen the workI know I’m going to enjoy.

　　At restaurants, we enjoy foodwe may never take the time to prepare.

　　You best friend is the first personyou want to share your news with, whether it's exciting stuff or somethingthat has upset you.

　　注意：

　　1）如果先行词是不定代词，要用that指代：

　　The cost of living crisis is somethingthat is hard to ignore for everyone.

　　The world of workwaiting for the young peopleis unlike anything(that) their parents experienced.

　　2）先行词有形容词最高级，序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰，要用that指代：

　　It was one of the first things(that)I bought with my own wages.

　　Water is the only known substancethat can naturally exist as a liquid, solid or gas.

　　3）非限制性定语从句中，先行词为物，用which：

　　Alcohol and caffeine are stimulants,which can affect the quality of your sleep.

　　Faster internet and rapidly growing computer technologies have made video games easily accessible,which means they are here to stay with us for a long time.

　　The James Webb Space Telescope is designed to look evendeeperinto the universe than the Hubble Telescope,whichhas beenin space for more than 31 years.

　　Koalas have fallen victim to bush fires, drought, and disease,which have cut their numbers in half since 2001.

　　Your pet dog may succumb to the deadly heart worm disease,which is transmitted only by mosquitoes.

　　There are more people on the road in Spring, and this has increased demand for oil,which is used to make gasoline.

　　It’s important to distinguish between something like the flu,which goes away, and a chronic illness,which can be long-term.

　　The house has eight bedrooms,all of which have been styled after places and objects from the Harry Potter series.

　　非限制性定语从句中，which可以指代整个主句：

　　She was 11,which at that time was a child.

　　Cars are discouraged, so kids ride bicycles and adults walk,which is how evenings are spent.

　　They can make decisions for themselves,which they learn from their environment and the people around them.

　　二、做时间、地点、方式等状语，用where, when, why等或介词+which

　　Playgrounds are the placeswhere children play the most outside of home.

　　Playgrounds are also important as placeswhere children can exercise, socialise, have fun and learn to be independent.

　　The hottest desert is the Sahara in northern Africa,where temperature can reach 47 degrees Celsius in the summer.

　　Theoretically, the metaverse would be a placewherepeople can meet, work and play using virtual reality headsets, augmented reality glasses, smartphone apps or other devices.

　　Some animalsthat were once widespreadgradually died out on the mainland,where they had to compete with stronger, smarter animals.

　　You can visit Alnwick Castle,builtin the 11^thcentury,whereHarry Porter was filmed.

　　From 2010 to 2015 I worked for a bank in Monaco.where the three of us lived.

　　Her parents ran a little school,where her father taught maths and music.

　　About 250,000 people attended the March on Washington in 1963,where King delivered the ‘I Have A Dream’ speech.

　　There will still be many situationswhere direct medical intervention is required, such as treating heart attacks or broken bones, but there are many situationswhere telemedicine is not only useful, but desirable.

　　The difficult fact is that we live in timeswhen high-energy food is plentiful and cheap.

　　There will be timeswhen even the best therapist is tired or hungry or eager to leave on vacation.

　　There are two days of the yearwhen the Sun is directly above the equator:20 or 21March, and 22 or 23 September.

　　It was an erawhen middle-class homeowners could enjoy craftsmanship and beautiful design at an affordable price.

　　I remember perfectly the momentwhen I decided to fully immerse myself in the field of design.

　　The metaverse refers to digital worldsin which people will gather to work, play and hang out.

　　We were living in a little village in Lancashirein which we were the only immigrant family.

　　He lived near his shop, and there wasn’t a dayin which he didn’t go to work.

　　Here’s brief list of some of those titles, authors, and the yearin which they were published.

　　The wayin which care is deliveredwill be transformed by digital technology, especially in primary care.

　　Early pilots were called “barnstormers” because at night they sometimes slept in the barns of the local farmsover which they had flown during the day.

　　The society assumed there was no safe levelat which anyone could drink any alcohol at all.

　　Parkinson’s disease is a conditionin which parts of the brain gradually become damaged over many years.

　　America would withdraw from the World Health Organisation (WHO),for which it has long been the primary funder.

　　The easewith which we can access memories of lost loved ones on our phones or social media accounts, on the other hand, may end up trapping us in our grief.

　　注意：

　　1）表示时间、地点的名词在句子里可能做主语、宾语或表语等：

　　Solar power works better in areasthat have a lot of sunny weather.

　　We’re marvelling at how many beautiful placesthere are in the UK to visit.

　　Today we live in a worldthat is paced beyond our ancestors’ imaginationsand onewhich has traded cultural with consumerism.

　　They also smuggled alcohol into the country from Canada,which became a huge supplier.

　　Escape rooms are a type of gamewherepeople have to solve clues to “escape” from a situationthatthey are locked in.

　　we’ve learnt to valuethe time we haveand whom we spend it with.

　　2）现代口语里that常常代替关系副词，取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导定语从句。这也说明语言是发展的，语法会有不断简化的过程。

　　Play is a time for children to just enjoy themselves, express themselves and explore in the waythat they want to.

　　From the momentI waketill I fall asleep, all that I do is remember them.

　　This is the momentwe have been waiting for, for so long.

　　The dayI learned to tie my shoesstill brings to mind cherished memories of my dad.

　　Darwin changed the waywe look at life on Earthforever.

　　三、做定语，用whose或of which:

　　In March 2022, Hubble found a starwhose light has taken 12.9 billion years to reach Earth– so it’s four billion years older than any starpreviously seen.

　　A manwhose real name nobody knowsbuilt a cabin on the Rat River deep in the bush.

　　We enjoy a warm relationship with our next-door neighbors,whose young children are the same age as ours.

　　If you sometimes feel like you’re the only one of your friendswhose parents set rules for your gaming, it’s almost certainly not true.

　　Dad found a used coupewhose overall look he liked.

　　She is an enthusiastic bikerwhose social media is full of posts of interesting streetscapes seen on her rides.

　　For thosewhose wages are gone, for thosewho need food, for thosewho have no place to call home, and for so many otherswho desperately need help and hope in this time of crisis.

　　We went on long bike rides,the highlight of which was to stop at a village shop and buy a few pear drops and cola bottles.

　　Eve’s friends have seen fake accounts on three dating sites,all of which used photos taken from her OnlyFans page.

　　Urbanisation resulted in fragmented ecosystems,many of which were collapsing.

　　This tension was central to nearly all of his writing,much of which is now collected in a new book, Race Man.

　　I think of the French film ‘‘Time Out’’ and the Japanese film ‘‘Tokyo Sonata,’’each of whichmemorably depicts a fired white-collar workerwhose familythinks he is still going to the office.

【英语中定语从句的用法】相关文章：