定语从句中的关系副词

　　关系副词，兼有副词与连接词两种作用，在不及物动词的连接中要求用关系副词。下面是小编带来的定语从句中的关系副词，希望对你有帮助。

　　定语从句中的关系副词有三个：

　　when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。

　　其句法结构如下：

　　1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

　　例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

　　I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.

　　2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

　　例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

　　This is the house where I lived two years ago.

　　关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。

　　例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.

　　He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.

　　I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.

　　Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.

　　有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。

　　Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

　　The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.

　　3. why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。

　　例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略)

　　上句也可以这样表示：

　　That is the reason I did the job.

　　又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.

　　关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：

　　1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：

　　*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.

　　*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.

　　**This is the hospital where my mother works.

　　**This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.

　　***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.

　　***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .

　　2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：

　　Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)

　　This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)

　　Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)

　　英语中的关系副词由：where,when和 why。这三个关系副词很多情况下，都可以用介词+关系代词来替换。

　　where=in /at /to+which;

　　when=in /on /at+which;

　　why=for +which.

　　有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：

　　My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.

　　At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.

　　3) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介词 + which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。

　　I may leave here any time I want to.

　　During the time I was there I visited him twice.

　　This is my second time I have come to your country.

　　1.It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.

　　A. that B. when C. which D. where

　　答案 D

　　解析考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。

　　2. I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

　　A. which B. where C. how D. why

　　答案 B

　　3 .After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.A.that B.what C.which D.where

　　答案 D

　　解析本题考查定语从句关系词的确定。英语中，point/situation/case等作先行词，其后的关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where（相当于in which）。该定语从句缺少地点状语，因此用where。

　　4.Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

　　A. why B. what C. that D. where

　　答案 D

　　5.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

　　A.who B.which C.why D.when

　　答案 D

　　关系副词用法

　　关系副词兼有副词与连接词两种作用，在不及物动词的连接中要求用关系副词。

　　关系副词所引导的形容词子句用于修饰主要子句中的某一名词或代名词，被修饰的词称作先行词，关系副词要放在先行词之后。

　　例如：关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词。

　　关系副词主要有三个，即when，where，why。此外that也可代替关系代词引导代词句子。

　　关系副词=preposition(介词)+relative pronoun(关系代词)

　　例如：where=in which，when=on which，why=for which

　　这些关系副词在从句中做状语。

　　Would you please tell me the way to the zoo? 你能告诉我去动物园的路吗?

　　the way是先行词。

　　This is the place where(that) I first met her. 这是我第一次见到她的地方。

　　在口语中that可以充当关系副词，代替when，why，how，只有先行词是the place时，才可代替where。

　　A:When should we start to work?

　　B:The sooner (we start)，the better (it will be). 我们应该什么时候开始工作? 越早越好。

　　the作关系副词是引导副词子句，句子结构一般为：The+比较级...+the+比较级...，第一个the是关系副词。

　　time，day，year，place，house，reason，way等作先行词时可以被省略，其后的子句不再是形容词子句，而变成名词子句或副词子句。

　　中文：这是他出生的地方。

　　This iswhere he was born.（where he was born是名词子句。）

　　This is the placewhere he was born.（where he was born是形容词子句。）

　　中文：我将在第一次见到她的`地方见她。

　　I'll meet her at the placewhere I first met her.（where I first met her是形容词子句。）

　　I'll meet herwhere I first met her.（where I first met her是副词子句。）

　　关系副词有限定用法，指的是关系副词引导的形容词子句只修饰先行词。

　　We were very happy in those dayswhen we studied in school.我们在学校里上学的那些日子里很快乐。

　　关系副词有补述用法，即关系副词引导的是对等子句而不是形容词子句，主要用于对主要子句中的不足之处加以补充，前面都要加逗点与主要子句分开。

　　Tom got married the day before yesterday，when it was his birthday too.汤姆前天结婚了，那天也是他的生日。

　　wherever，whenever，however是复合关系副词，表示"不论"，引导一个修饰主要子句里的动词的副词子句，可加强语气或表示让步。

　　【参见关系形容词】

　　Wherever he goes，he would bring an umbrella with him. 不论他去那里，他都带着一把雨伞。

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