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初中定语从句语法

时间:2021-07-06 14:20:49 英语 我要投稿

初中定语从句语法

  在主句中充当定语成分。 被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。

  1.初中英语学习关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1)who, whom, that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

  他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

  他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which调换), 例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑从前帮忙。

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

  3)which, that

  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 城市出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  2.初中英语学习关系副词引导的定语从句

  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的'名词,在从句中作状语。

  1)when, where, why

  关系副词when, where, why的含意相称于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替利用,例如:

  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝咱们帮助他的理由吗?

  2)that代替关系副词

  that可以用于表现时光、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在书面语中that常被省略,例如:

  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

  3.初中英语学习断定关系代词与关系副词

  方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须恳求用关系代词;而不迭物动词则请求用关系副词。例如:内容来自

  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

  判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)

  (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

  (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

  (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

  (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

  措施二: 准确断定先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确抉择出关系代词/关系副词。

  例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one内容来自

  例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

  答案:例1 D,例2 A

  例1变为断定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

  例2变为确定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

  在句1中,所缺局部为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。

  而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的过错,所以选A。

  关系词的决定依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,筛选关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应取舍关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 起因状语) 。

  4.初中英语学习限制性和非限制性定语从句

  1)定语从句有制约性跟非限度性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不清楚;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:

  This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

  The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢屋子很俊秀,是咱们上个月买的。(非制约性)

  2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和教唆代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:

  Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。内容来自

  My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

  This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。

  3) 非限度性定语从句还能将全部主句作为先行词, 对其进行润饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:

  He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他好像没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

  Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

  说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

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