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who的定语从句

时间:2022-12-09 11:38:30 英语 我要投稿

who的定语从句

  定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句。以下是小编精心为大家整理的有关who的定语从句的分析,希望对大家有所帮助,欢迎阅读。

  什么是定语从句

  被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

  一、who引导的定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词或代词。如:

  The studentwhois answering the question is John. 正在回答问题的那个学生是约翰。

  Anybodywhobreaks the laws will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。

  二、who是主格,在定语从句中作主语,此时不能省略。如:

  The personwhowas here yesterday is a musician. 昨天来这儿的那个人是位音乐家。

  但在非正式英语中,who亦可作宾语,且可以省略。如:

  The man(who)I saw just now is Mr Li. 我刚才见到的那个人是李先生。

  三、 在定语从句中,who在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。如:

  Do you know the boywhois standing over there? 你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗?

  四、 若先行词中既有人又有物,关系代词用that而不用who。如:

  He watched the children and boxes that filled the car. 他看见了塞满汽车的孩子和箱子。

  五、 若先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰,关系代词用that而不用who。如:

  Yao Ming is the best basketball player that I know. 姚明是我知道的最好的篮球运动员。

  Tom is the first boy that left the room. 汤姆是第一个离开这个房间的男孩。

  关系代词的用法

  1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略。例如:

  Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

  玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

  The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.

  我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

  2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略。例如:

  The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

  位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

  The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

  我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

  3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如:

  The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

  经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

  Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

  正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

  注意

  (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

  This is the house in which we lived last year.

  这是我们去年居住的房子。

  Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.

  请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

  (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:

  This is the person whom you are looking for.

  这就是你要找的那个人。

  (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:

  The city that she lives in is very far away.

  她居住的城市非常远。

  (4)关系词只能用that的情况:

  ①先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  He was the first person that passed the exam.

  他是第一个通过考试的人。

  ②被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词指物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

  你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

  ③ 先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  This is the same bike that I lost.

  这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

  ④先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

  我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

  ⑤以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:

  Who is the girl that is crying?

  正在哭泣的'那个女孩是谁?

  ⑥主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

  There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

  桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

  (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:

  ①先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:

  What’s that which is under the desk?

  在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

  ②关系代词前有介词时,which,而不用that.例如:

  This is the room in which he lives.

  这是他居住的房间。

  ③引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指事物时,用which, 而不用that.例如:

  Tom came back, which made us happy.

  汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

  扩展资料

  定语从句that意思

  一、指人的意思

  that用于指人,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如:

  A driver that has knocked someone down must stop. 撞人的司机必须停车。(关系代词that指driver,在从句中作主语)

  He is the man that you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。(关系代词that指man,在从句中作宾语)

  He is not that man that he was. 他已不是过去的他了。(关系代词that指man,在从句中作表语)

  二、指物的意思

  that用于指物,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如:

  This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。(关系代词that指plane,在定语从句中作主语)

  She was annoyed by something that I had said. 她为我说的某句话而不高兴。(关系代词that指something,在定语从句中作宾语)

  Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be. 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。(关系代词that指city,在定语从句中作表语)

  三、不用that的情况

  (1) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

  (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.

  (2) 介词后不能用。

  We depend on the land from which we get our food.

  We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

  四、 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

  (1) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。

  (2) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

  (3) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。

  (4) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。.

  (5) 先行词既有人,又有物时。

  (6) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.

  (7) 为了避免重复.

  (8) 先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略

  (9) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时

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