定语从句三要素

定语从句三要素

　　定语从句作为英语语法，在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分，也正是由于其复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大，屡屡让童鞋们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧斗志！下面是小编整理的定语从句三要素，希望能够帮助到大家。

　　定语从句三要素

　　I.从句中缺少主、宾、表：who(m) that which (as)

　　1. Love is one big illusion I should try to forget(少宾语illusion)

　　爱是一种假象，我应该试图去忘记它

　　2. but there is something left in my head (=that is left in my head)

　　但是总有一些事情停留在我的脑海里挥之不去

　　3. Youre the one who set it up now(少主语the one)

　　你就是让我产生爱的那个人，4. youre the one to make it stop (=who made it stop)

　　但是你现在也要让它停止

　　5. Im the one whos feeling lost right now(少主语the one)

　　此时此刻我感到迷茫

　　6. Now you want me to forget every little thing you said(少宾语every little thing)

　　你要我忘记你说的任何事情

　　7. but there is something left in my head (=that is left in my head)

　　但总有些事情我忘不掉

　　8. I wont forget the way youre kissing(少宾语the way——用that或inwhich，常省略)

　　我忘不了我们的吻

　　9. The feelings so strong were lasting for so long

　　那感觉多么强烈，而且会永远留在我心中

　　10. But Im not the man your heart is missing(少宾语the man)

　　但是我不是你心所思念的那个人

　　11. Thats why you go away I know (I know Thats why you go away)

　　我也知道那就是离去的原因

　　II.从句中缺少状语：when(时间)where(地点)why(原因)[=介词+which]

　　12. Soledad, its a keeping for the lonely since the day that you were gone.(少状语on the day;口语中常用that代替when、where、why)

　　从你走后，我便开始了孤独的守候

　　13. Why did you leave me? Soledad,in my heart you were the only, and your memory lives on.

　　你为何要离我而去? 我心中你就是唯一，你走了却留下记忆。

　　14. Walking down the streets of nothingville, where our love was young and free，(少状语in the streets of nothingville)

　　走在无人小镇的大街上，这里曾有我们年少轻狂的爱情

　　15. (I)Cant believe just what an empty place, it has come to be

　　我无法相信，它如今会变成如此空荡之地。

　　16. Dont just let life pass you by, like winter in July

　　别让生活打败你，好像六月飘雪

　　17. Future dreams can never last, when you find yourself still living in the past

　　如果你只活在过去，未来的梦想就不会持续

　　18. Keep moving on to higher ground, looking for the way you thought could not be found (you thought是一个插入句)

　　继续奔向更高的目标，寻找你以为失去的方法

　　19. We may not know the reason why were born into this world where a man only lives to die (这里有两个定语从句：第一个是修饰thereason，why=for which;第二个修饰world，where=inwhich )

　　我们可能不知道为什么要来到这个世间，在这里一个人只是从生到死

　　III.从句中缺少定语：whose; the…of which/whom

　　1. You can tell your ma I moved to Arkansas.You can tell your dog to bite my leg or tell your brother Cliff whose fist can tell my lip that he never really liked me anyway. (少定语：Cliffs fist can tell my lip)

　　你可以告诉你妈妈我来了阿堪萨斯州。你可以告诉你的狗，让他来咬我的腿;你可以告诉你哥哥cliff，他的拳头会告诉我的嘴唇，他真的不会喜欢我。

　　定语从句三要素

　　概念

　　被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

　　关系代词引导的定语从句

　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

　　1)who, whom, that

　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

　　2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：

　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

　　3)which, that

　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)

　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

　　关系副词引导的定语从句

　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

　　1)when, where, why

　　关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

　　2)that代替关系副词

　　that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

　　His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

　　He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

　　判断关系代词与关系副词

　　方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

　　This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

　　Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.

　　判断改错(注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线;用不同的颜色表示 出。)

　　(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

　　(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

　　(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

　　(对) Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

　　方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

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