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定语从句的关系词作用

时间:2021-07-06 11:40:12 英语 我要投稿

定语从句的关系词作用

  定语从句的关系词作用大家了解吗?以下是小编分享的定语从句的关系词作用,一起来阅读吧!

  一、定语从句中关系代词的作用和分类

  1、关系代词的作用有三个:

  (1)连接作用:关系代词引导从句,把从句和主句连接起来;

  (2)替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词;

  (3)成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。

  2、关系代词的用法分类

  (1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性; 关系代词的用法与分类有三点依据:

  (2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;

  (3)根据它在从句中所充当的成分—主语、宾语、表语或定语。

  在宾语从句中,关系代词的作用和分类是基础内容,所以同学们要想学好以后的内容,就必须先掌握好这部分内容。

  二、定语从句关系代词有哪些

  一 定语从句中关系代词的使用

  ⒈ 如果修饰人,一般用关系代词who,whom,whose 或that.在定语从句中作主语的一般用who或that,作宾语的一般用whom,who或that,作定语并具有物主性质的用whose.(在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略)

  如:

  ①I don’t like people who/that get angry easily.

  我不喜欢容易发脾气的人.

  ( 关系代词who/ that在定语从句中作主语,不可省略)

  ②Here is the man (whom/ who/ that) you want to see.

  这就是你想见的人.

  ( 关系代词whom/ who/ that在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)

  ③Is there anyone in your class whose home is in the northeast?

  你班上有谁家在东北的?

  ( 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语,不能省略)

  注意:用who 还是whom ,完全根据它们本身在定语从句中的地位和作用而定,与先行词在主句中的作用无关.尤其要注意在带有插入语的定语从句中who和whom的选用.

  如:

  ①The person who sent the letter had to pay the postage.

  寄信人要付邮资.

  ( who sent the letter是定语从句,修饰person,who在定语从句中作主语,因此用主格)

  ②He is a man who I believe is honest.

  他是一个我认为诚实的人.

  ( I believe是插入语,去掉该插入语剩下的便是He is a man who is honest,在语法及句意上都能成立,who是定语从句中动词is的主语,故用主格,不用宾格whom.)

  ⒉ 如果修饰事物,用关系代词which 和that,作宾语时可省略.作介词宾语时,如果介词位于关系代词之前,则用which (不能省) ,而不用that(关系代词that既能代人,又能代物).whose也可用来指物(此时可用of which来代替),在定语从句中作定语.

  如:

  ①Don’t buy tomatoes that/ which are green.

  不要买颜色还是青的西红柿.

  ( that/ which 在定语从句中作主语,不能省)

  ②The fish (that/ which) they sell are not fresh.

  他们卖的鱼不新鲜.

  ( that/ which 在定语从句中作宾语,可以省)

  ③The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

  门坏了的那个教室将很快修理.

  ④The tool with which he is working is called a saw.

  =The tool (that/ which) he is working is called a saw.

  他干活用的那个工具叫叫锯.

  (介词with位于关系代词之前,须用which,不能省,也不能用that)

  二 定语从句中关系副词的选用

  ⒈ when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,有时也可用介词+which来代替.

  如:

  I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Beijing.

  我还记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景.

  She came at a time when we needed her most.

  她是在我们需要她的时候来的.

  ⒉ where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,有时也可用介词+which来代替.

  如:

  That is the house where/ in which he lived ten years ago.

  那是他十年前住过的'房子.

  I have found a peaceful place where/ in which we can study.

  我找到了一个能学习的安静的地方.

  ⒊ why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,常可用for+ which来代替.

  如:

  I know the reason why/ for which she was so angry.

  我知道她为什么那么生气.

  Do you know the reason why/for which he came so late?

  你知道他来得这么晚的原因吗?

  ◆应注意关系副词和关系代词在定语从句中的不同使用.

  如:

  * I’ll never forget the day when I went abroad myself.

  我永远忘不了我独自出国的那一天.

  ( when在从句中代替时间状语on the day,我们可以把这个句子分解为I’ll never forget the day.I went abroad myself on the day.)

  * We’ll never forget the days that we spent together.

  我们永远也不会忘记我们在一起度过的那些日子.

  (that 代替the day,在句中作spent的宾语,that可以省略.该句可分解为We’ll never forget the days.We spent the days together.)

  三 way 作先行词之后的定语从句

  当“way”表示“方式、方法”在句中作先行词,后被一个定语从句修饰时,引导定语从句可用that ,也可用in which,或什么都不用.

  如:

  I don’t like the way that he laughed at me.

  =I don’t like the way in which he laughed at me.

  =I don’t like the way he laughed at me.

  我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我.

  四 time 之后的定语从句

  time作先行词,前面如有序数词和last修饰时,引导定语从句不能用when,只能用that 或两者都不用.但前面如无序数词或last,常用when(有时也用that)引导定语从句.

  如:

  This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

  这是我最后一次给你们上课.

  The first time I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.

  我第一次见周总理是在1958年.

  I don’t know the exact time when the track and field meet will take place.

  我不知道田径运动会举行的确切时间.

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