定语从句中what和that
定语从句是指一类由关系词引导的从句，因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，下面是小编收集整理的定语从句中what和that，希望对大家有帮助！
定语从句中what和that1
一、引导主语从句
that与what都可引导主语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分，但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。如：
What he said at the meeting was very important．他在会上所说的非常重要。（宾语）
What surprised us is that he did it alone．使我们吃惊的是他一个人做了那项工作。（主语）
That he did it alone surprised us．他独自完成了那项工作使我们感到吃惊。（that用来引导主语从句，在句中不作成分）
二、引导宾语从句
that与what都可引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分，一般情况下可以省略，但当有两个以上的宾语从句时，只能省掉第一个that。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。如：
They stopped to see what was happening．他们停下来看发生了什么事情。（主语）
The teacher got angry because of what the boy had done．那个男孩子做的事情让老师很生气。（what在宾语从句中作宾语）
All the people believed that it was right to rescue the temple．所有的人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。（that在宾语从句中不作句子成分且可省略）
We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well and that when we discover what this something is we must work hard at it until we succeed．我们必须相信，我们每一个人都能把某件事情办好；而且，当我们发现这事情是什么的时候，我们就必须努力干下去，直到成功为止。（第一个that可省略，第二个that不能省略）
三、引导表语从句
that与what都可引导表语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分，且不能省略；what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。如：
Mary is no longer what she used to be．玛丽不再是从前那样了。（what在表语从句中作表语）
The question is what we should do to prevent him from going．问题是我们怎样做才能阻止他去。（what在表语从句中作动词do的宾语）
The reason why he didn’t come today is that his mother is ill．他今天没来的原因是他母亲病了。（that只起连接作用）
四、引导同位语从句
that与what都可引导同位语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词，对所修饰的名词的具体内容进行详细阐述。这类名词有：fact, idea, news, hope, belief, promise, thought, suggestion, proposal等。that在从句中不作句子成分，但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。如：
I have no idea what we should do next．我不知道我们下一步该做什么。（宾语）
He made a promise that he would study hard．他许诺要努力学习。that只起连接作用。
The boy expressed his hope that he would be a pilot when he grows up．那个男孩儿表达了他长大后想当一名飞行员的愿望。（that只起连接作用）
五、引导定语从句
that可引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语或宾语，that既可指人也可指物。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。如：
This is one of the buildings that were built last year．这是去年建的楼房之一。（that在定语从句中作主语，指物，不能省略。）
The doctor that you met in the street yesterday came here 20 years ago．你昨天在街上遇到的那位医生二十年前就来到这里了。（that 在从句中作宾语，指人并可省略。）
注意：what不能引导定语从句。如不能说：
1．He did all what he could to save the patient．
2．All what he needs is more time．
应将句中的what改为that，或去掉what，还可以将以上两句中的all去掉，但两句的结构发生了根本的改变：句1中的what引导宾语从句，句2中的what引导主语从句。
六、引导状语从句
so...that, such...that, so that结构引导状语从句。what不能引导状语从句，但whatever, no matter what可引导让步状语从句。如：
He made such rapid progress in English that before long he could write articles for an American newspaper．他的英语进步很快，不久就能为美国的一家报社写文章了。
Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun won’t burn them．请把幼苗放在阴凉处以免太阳晒枯它们。
Don’t believe himno matter what he says．无论他说什么，都不要相信他。
定语从句中what和that2
定语从句that和what的区别
一、引导词what与that在引导名词性从句的用法区别引导主语、宾语或表语从句时，what在从句中要充当句子成分;而that引导主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句时，不作任何成分，只起语法连接作用。试比较：
That George W. Bush won the presidency once again was what many people hadn't expected.乔治?布什再次赢得总统大选，这是很多人没有预料到的。
It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it.事情往往是这样，失去之物，方知珍惜。
二、引导词what与that在引导定语从句的用法区别首先，要记住在定语从句中，跟本不用what连接词。只有that和which.所以大家在做题中，如果是定语从句，就不要再考虑what了。That 在定语从句中，一般可以作从句的主语。宾语和表语。例如：
1、(2005北京春季卷) Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?
where B when C that D what
「分析」C 定语从句连词，that做从句visit的宾语。没有what连词。
2、He is not the naughty boy that he used to be.他不再是从前那个调皮的男孩了。
巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. (2005福建卷) --Is that the small town you often refer to?
--Right， just the one _____ you know I used to work for years.
A that B which C where D what
2. ____ should be done must be done in time.
A What B All C Anything D All what
3. A computer is so useful a machine ______ we can use everywhere.
A that B which C as D what
4(2005天津卷)last month， part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods，from _____effects the people are still suffering.
A that B whose C those D what
5. (2005湖北卷) Her sister has becomes a lawyer， _____ she wanted to be.
A who B that C what D which
6. (07安徽) You can only be sure of _____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ____ you might get in the future.
A that; what B what;/ C which; that D /;that
7. (07陕西) _____ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
A That B Which C What D as
8. (07上海) ____ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers.
A That B What C Whether D Where
9. (2006全国卷II)--What did your parents think about your decision?
----- They always let me do ____ I think I should.
A. when B that C.how D. what
10. (2005上海卷)The other day，my brother drove his car down the street at ___ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B which C. what D. that
1. C 定语从句，one是先行词
2. A what引导主语从句，做从句中can的主语。这里what=all that
3. C so……as……连用，属于定语从句的范围。
4. B 定语从句，whose从句effects的定语
5. D 非限定性定语从句，没有that 和what.
6. B 第一空是of的宾语从句，从句中have缺少宾语，因此用what做连词。第二空something后面是定语从句。
7. C 主语从句连词 "父母的所作所为对孩子有终身影响"
8. B主语从句连词，从句中refer to缺少宾语
9. D 是do的宾语从句
10. D 是介词at的宾语从句，at 做was 的主语。I think是插入语，可以忽略。
定语从句中what和that3
一.在引导名词性从句时，从属连词that一般要注意三个不(three nos)：
1.不省略(no ellipsis)
当从属连词that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不省略。
Eg. 1) That he was able to come made us happy. (That 引导主语从句不可省略)
2)The truth is that I didn’t go there. (that引导表语从句不可省略)
3)The news that our team has won is true. (that引导同位语从句不可省略)
但在非正式文体中that 引导宾语从句时可以省略，除下列两种情况外：
that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况.
(1). 在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that， 从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略
Eg: 4) He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.(that不可以省略)
他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。
(2). 由连词and连接的'两个由that引导 的宾语从句中, 则第二个宾语从句前的that不省略。
Eg: 5) He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.(第一个That可以省略，但第二个that不可以省略。)他告诉我他将来而且他将准时来。
2.不作成分(no component)
that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。
Eg. 6)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.(that在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中不作任何成分)
7))That you don’t like him is none of my business. (that在句中引导主语从句，但在句中不作任何成分，也不省略)
3. 没词义(no meaning)
that 在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。
Eg. 8)That she is a rich woman is known to us. (that在句中引导主语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义)
她是一个很有钱的女子，这一点我们都知道。
9)The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him. (that在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义)
他也许会考试失败，这一想法使他很担心。
二.在引导名词性从句时，What一般要注意一个不(one no),一个有(meaning),一个作(component)：
1.不省略
what 引导名词性从句时，what 在句中不省略。这一用法与that 用法不尽相同。
eg. 10) What I had for breakfast today was rice with egg.(what 在句中引导主语从句，what 不省略)
11)----I think it’s going to be a big problem.
----Yes , it could be .
----I wonder what we can do about. (what在句中引导宾语从句，但在句中不省略)
2.有词义
what 引导名词性从句时，有词义。一般是“----的东西/事情/话等”这一用法与that 用法不一样
eg. 1) This is what she wanted to show us. (what在句中引导表语从句，在句中有词义，意思是“----的东西、事情)这是她想让我们看的东西。
12)What the teacher said had a good effect on the children. (what在句中引导主语从句，在句中有词义，意思是“----的东西、事情)老师所说的话对孩子们有很好的作用。
3.作成分
what 在引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当成分。这一用法与that 用法不一样。
Eg. 13)It doesn’t matter what he said.( it 是形式主语，what 在句中引导主语从句。What 在主语从句中作said 的宾语。)
14)It was true ______Alice did surprised her mother.
A. that what B. what that C. that that D. all what
评析：这一题正确答案是A。it在句中是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句that Alice did surprised her mother.，在这个主语从句当中，what 又引导了主语从句what Alice did，what在从句中作did 的宾语。
三.要特别注意两点：
1. What所引导的从句可以在介词后作宾语，而that从句一般不可以。
Eg： 15)After months of voyage ,Columbus arrived in _____later proved to be a new continent.
A. where B. which C. what D. that
评析：答案是C。因为在介词in 后面，应该用what引导的宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作主语。而that不可以这样用。
16) On stepping into his room, he was astonished to find the floor covered with _____looked like tiny insects.
A. that B. something C. what D. anything
评析：答案是C。因为在介词with 后面，应该用what引导的宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作主语。而that不可以这样用。
2. that可以引导定语从句，而且是定语从句引导词中的顶梁柱，它在定语从句中要充当成分，通常作定语从句中的主语、宾语。同时that也可以引导名词性从句，在名词性从句中that 不充当成分。 但What不可以引导定语从句。它只可以引导名词性从句,在句中相当于 what =all that ,what 在名词性从句中充当成分，常常作主语、宾语和表语。
Eg: 17).All _____I want to know is what he meant .
A. that B. which C. what D. whatever
评析：答案是A.本题是that引导的定语从句。而what不可以引导定语从句。What=all that .又因为先行词是all ，故其后不可以接which 引导的定语从句。而. Whatever=anything that /no matter what 从意义和语法都不符合。所以只能选A,that.
18) ______impressed me most was ______such a little boy could play the violin so well.
A. That ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. What ; what
评析：答案是B.第一空是what 引导的主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。第二空是that 引导的表语从句，that在表语从句中不省略，不作成分，也没词义。
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