状语非限制性定语从句

时间:2023-12-26 10:08:20 炜亮 英语 我要投稿

状语非限制性定语从句

  引导语:即非限定性定语从句,起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解,在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号隔开。

  非限定性定语从句

  引导非限定性定语从句的主要关系词见下:

  ①关系代词:

  which, whom, whose, who, as

  ②关系副词:

  when, where

  特别提醒

  1.关系代词that不能引导非限定性定语从句。

  2.as引导非限定性定语从句。

  a.as引导的非限定性定语从句可以指代整个主句或句中的部分内容,对其进行说明。

  b.as引导的非限定性定语从句位置比较灵活,可在句首、句中或句末。

  c.as在其引导的非限定性定语从句中充当主语时,谓语通常是be或其他系动词。如从句不在句首,as与which可以互换。

  状语从句

  (一)时间状语从句:表示时间关系,通常有以下主要引导词:

  ①表示“当……的时候”

  when, while, as, just as, next time,

  the last time, each time,

  every time, whenever

  ②表示时间先后

  before, after

  ③表示“一……就·……”

  as soon as, once,

  hardly…when/ before, scarcely…

  when/ before, no sooner…than,directly,

  immediately, instantly,

  the moment/ second/ minute

  ④其它时间

  by the time 到……的时候

  not…until 直到……才……

  till 直到……的时候

  since 自从

  ever since 自从

  it is the first/second time…

  这是第一/二次做……

  特别提醒

  1.几种不常用的时间状语从句举例。

  They went into action directly/ immediately/ instantly/ the moment

  they heard the alarm.

  一听到警报,他们立马开始行动。

  2.几种需用完成时态的时间状语从句。

  by the time;

  it is the first/ second time…;

  hardly…when/ before;

  scarecely…when/ before;

  no sooner than;

  since;ever since;

  now that。

  例如:

  By the time I got home , they had left for the airport.

  我到家的时候,他们已经去机场了。

  He had hardly escaped when he was captured.

  他刚一逃跑就被捉住了。

  I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.

  我刚一到家,就下起雨来。

  I have been living here all the time since l moved here in 2002.

  自从2002年搬到这里以来我就一直住在这里。

  3.否定词置于句首时需注意倒装。

  Hardly had he escaped when he was captured.

  他刚一逃跑就被捉住了。

  No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.

  我刚一到家,就下起雨来。

  4.When引导时间状语从句时,如果出现在后半句,可表示“这时突然……”之意。

  例如:

  I was almost hurt when the bus came to a sudden stop.

  公共汽车这时突然刹车,我差点受伤。

  5.表示时间先后的连词before可表示条件意义,译作“只有/必须……才能……”。

  New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they are fully accepted.

  有时候新思想必须要等多年后才能被人们完全接受。

  (二)地点状语从句:

  表示地点,主要由where,wherever,anywhere,

  everywhere来引导。

  例如:

  Where there is a will, there is away.

  有志者事竟成。

  Wherever he goes, he will bear what his mother says in his mind.

  无论走到哪里,他都把妈妈的话铭记在心。

  Everywhere he showed us around, we saw green lawns and beautiful flower beds.

  他领我们所到之处,我们都看到绿色的草地和美丽的花海。

  短语动词的四种类型

  动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语,叫短语动词。主要有四类:

  一、动词+副词

  有的一般不跟宾语,如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟宾语,如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。

  注意:宾语是名词时,放在副词前面或后面都可以,但若作宾语的是人称代词时,就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如:

  We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。

  We’ve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)

  二、动词+介词

  如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如:

  I don’t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。

  三、动词+副词+介词

  如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:

  She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。

  四、动词+名词+介词

  如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如:

  Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的时候,你要照顾好你弟弟。

  及物动词与不及物动词

  根据其后是否带宾语,动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。如:

  When will he arrive? 他什么时候到?(arrive 不带宾语,为不及物动词)

  He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语,为及物动词)

  有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词:

  The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。(不及物用法)

  The child is playing the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。(及物用法)

  He is writing. 他在写字。(不及物用法)

  He is writing a letter. 他在写信。(及物用法)

  The boy is reading. 这男孩在阅读。 (不及物用法)

  The boy is reading a magazine. 这男孩在看杂志。(及物用法)

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