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what用法定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，也是语言学习中必须掌握的一个知识点。其中，what在定语从句中的用法也是一个值得探讨的话题。以下是小编整理的what用法定语从句相关资料，希望对你有帮助！
what用法定语从句
一、关系代词的用法 关系代词 指代对象及在从句中所作的成分使用要点
what:
即指人又指物；作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）只用于限制性定语从句中，介词后面不能跟that。 当代替物时，可以与which通用。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her．
昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music
我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。
which;
指物；作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）
在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定语从句中，可用在介词之后。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房子里
who,whom：
指人；作主语或宾语（whom常可省略） 先行词必须为人。Who可代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,若前有介词，须用whom
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV． “A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中的人。
The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army．
我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。
whose 既指人又指物；作定语 是代词的所有格， 代物时，相当于of which。
The room whose window faces south is mine．
那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。
注意：whose指物时，常用of which结构来代替。如：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired．
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired．
that;
即指人又指物；作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）
只用于限制性定语从句中，介词后面不能跟that。 当代替物时，可以与which通用。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her．
昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。
which
指物；作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）
在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定语从句中，可用在介词之后。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房子里
who,whom
指人；作主语或宾语（whom常可省略） 先行词必须为人。Who可代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,若前有介词，须用whom
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV．
“A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中的人。
The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army．
我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。
whose 既指人又指物；作定语 是代词的所有格， 代物时，相当于of which。
The room whose window faces south is mine． 那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。
注意：whose指物时，常用of which结构来代替。如：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired．
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired．
二、用法归纳
1. 表示“的东西或事情”：
They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。 What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2. 表示“的人或的样子”：
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？
3. 表示“的数量或数目”：
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“的时间”：
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5. 表示“的地方”：
This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
三、用法提示
注意what不能引导定语从句。
正：You can have what you like.（宾语从句） / You can have everything (that) you like.（定语从句）
误：You can have everything what you like.
what语法
1、what用作疑问代词时，其基本意思是“什么，什么东西，什么事情”，用作疑问句，为特殊疑问句的一个标志。
2、what作关系代词时，其含意是“所…的事(物)”。可用来引导主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句或同位语从句。当引导主语从句，其所指的名词必定是单数。主语是单数时，谓语动词一般是单数，但有时因谓语动词之后有复数名词，谓语动词也可用复数。
3、what引导宾语从句时，常置于谓语之后，用作表语时，放在系动词之后。what还可引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管…”。还可接动词不定式短语。
4、what有时候可解释为whatever，表示“不管怎么样”。
5、what所引导的句子中，判断从句谓语动词用单数还是复数，看what后跟的词是单数还是复数。
6、what可同时用于主格和宾格，并且表示两个不同的事物。
what引导从句的例子
一、作为主语：
1. What you said hurt my feelings. （你说的话伤害了我的感情。）
2. What he did was unacceptable. （他所做的是不可接受的。）
二、作为宾语：
1. She showed me what she bought at the store. （她给我看她在商店买的东西。）
2. I cant remember what he said to me yesterday. （我记不得他昨天对我说了什么。）
三、作为表语：
1. The important thing is what you do next. （重要的是你接下来要做什么。）
2. The problem is not what she said, but how she said it. （问题不是她说了什么，而是她说话的方式。）
what if用法总结
用法：
1、(表示条件)如果 ,主句用将来时,if从句用现在时表示将来
He will come if you invite him.
如果你请他,他会来的..
2、(表示虚拟)假如,要是
时态：可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况.它的基本特点是时态退后.
a.同现在事实相反的假设.
句型 ：条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
If they were here,they would help you.
b.表示于过去事实相反的假设.
句型：条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday,he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday,I should / would have told him about it.
含义：He did not come yesterday,so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes,he would have made greater progress.
含义：He was ill and missed many lessons,so he did not make greater progress.
c.表示对将来的假想
句型：条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded,everything would be all right.
If you should succeed,everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed,everything would be all right.
3、是否 = whether 连接宾语从句
I wonder if she is ill.
不知她是否病了.
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