高中定语从句教学

　　英语是一种西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。下面是小编整理的高中定语从句教学，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

高中定语从句教学

　　对比法导入：

　　1.The black bag is beautiful.

　　2. The bag which you bought yesterday is beautiful. 不同：第一个形容词作定语，第二个句子作定语。

　　我有一只苹果。那只苹果是红色的。

　　我有一只红色的苹果。(除了用I have a red apple. 还可以用一个定语从句来表达) I have an apple. The apple is red.

　　I have an apple that / which is red.

　　I like some friends. Some friend like sports. (用定语从句合并成为一个复合句)

　　The magazine is mine. He has taken it away. (同上) The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.

　　The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.

　　如何合并两个简单句成为一个定语从句?

　　找错误：(结论：先行词不能出现在定语从句中)

　　1. The boy whom/that we saw the boy yesterday is my brother.

　　2. The car which /that my uncle had just bought it was destroyed in the earthquake.

　　定语从句:在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。

　　关系代词：引导定语从句的代词，在句子中充当名词作用，有： Who, whom, which, that, whose, as

　　关系副词：引导定语从句的副词，在句子中充当副词的作用。有：when, where和why

　　限制性定语从句(识别性从句)：对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，与主句的关系十分密切。

　　Do you know the woman who/that lives next door?

　　非限制性定语从句(补充性从句)：对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开, 相当于一个插入语, 不能用that和why(可以用for+which)引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。E.g.Last night, I saw a very good film, which was about the Long March.讨论：讨论关系代词与关系副词在以下定语从句中的不同作用。 1. Do you know the woman who/that lives next door? 2. The woman whom I want to visit was not in the company. 3. What happened to the money that /which you are looking for?

　　4. Please pass me the magazine whose cover is yellow.

　　5. I shall never forget the day when I bought I bought my computer.

　　6. People would like to live in the country where there is plenty of sunshine and fresh air.

　　7. The reason why I am phoning you is to invite you to my birthday party.

　　考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词

　　方法一、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。 you made such a great success. The reason ___ she gave was not true.

　　方法2、确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。(常用常考) 方法3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。 October 1st is the day ________ new China was founded. 考点二：that/which 代物时用that的情况

　　看例子，找规律：

　　1)English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.

　　1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。

　　2) This is the last place (that) I want to visit.

　　2.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。

　　3)You should hand in all that you have.

　　3.先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none，any,

　　few, little, no, all, much,等代词时。

　　4)The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.

　　先行词前面有the only, the very, every等修饰时。

　　5)Who is the man that is standing there?

　　当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用that,不用which.

　　6)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

　　当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

　　1. God help those who help themselves . 天助自助者。

　　2. He who laughs last laughs best . 笑到最后的人才是英雄。

　　3. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man .不到长城非好汉。

　　4. He who is content (满足) is always happy.知足者常乐。

　　8. 能力提高：

　　1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.

　　2. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.

　　3. July 1, 1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.

　　4. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.

　　5. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.

　　6. This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.

　　7. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.

　　8. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.

　　填入who, whom, whose, which, where 或why,完成下面的练习

　　The town of Keswick, which lies at the heart of the Lake District, is the perfect place for a holiday,and the Derwent hotel,_____overlooks the town, is the perfect place to stay. Robin and Wendy, ______ bought this small hotel 3 years ago, have already won an excellent reputation. Robin, ______cooking is one of the reasons____the Derwent is so popular, was once Young Chef of the Year. The comfort of the guests, ______the owner treat almost as members of the family, always comes first. Peter Ustinov, _____once stayed at the hotel, described it as “marvelous”. And the Lake District,______has so much wonderful scenery and ____the poet Wordsworth lived, will not disappoint you.

　　31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.

　　A. why; that B. that; why

　　C. for that; hat D. for which; what

　　32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.

　　A.that B.which C.for which D.who

　　48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.

　　A. as B. that C. what D. who

　　49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.

　　A. none of them B. neither of them

　　C. neither of which D. none of which

　　19.I don't like ______ as you read.

　　A. the novels B. the such novels

　　C. such novels D. same novels

　　14.I'm interested in ______you have said.

　　A. all that B.all what C. that D. which

　　24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.

　　A. whose title B. its title

　　C. the title of it D. the title of that

　　高中定语从句例子

　　(一)定义及相关术语

　　1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

　　2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

　　3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

　　关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。

　　关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：

　　The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

　　(二)关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

　　The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

　　Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。

　　Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

　　That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。

　　2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

　　Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。

　　Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。

　　The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。

　　注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。

　　The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

　　3.Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

　　Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。

　　The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。

　　He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。

　　The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的.那幢房子看上去很漂亮。

　　This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。

　　The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。

　　4.That 指人时，相当于who 或whom;指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

　　The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。

　　Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?

　　The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。

　　The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。

　　Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。

　　5.Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

　　I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。

　　He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。

　　I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

　　注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

　　The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

　　The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

　　Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

　　Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

　　(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

　　关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。

　　The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.

　　The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。

　　Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.

　　Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。

　　This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.

　　This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。

　　We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.

　　We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。

　　The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.

　　The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.

　　我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。

　　注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。

　　This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 这是我正在找的手表。

　　This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)

　　The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。

　　The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (误)

　　2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。

　　The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。

　　The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)

　　The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。

　　The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)

　　3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：

　　He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。

　　In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。

　　There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。

　　Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中3部是关于农村生活的。

　　词+关系代词引导的定语从句特例

　　1)...... ， ...of +关系代词。2)which 代替this/that/the

　　(四)关系副词引导的定语从句

　　1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

　　I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。

　　The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。

　　October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

　　Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗?

　　2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

　　Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。

　　The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。

　　I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。

　　Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗?

　　3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

　　Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。

　　The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。

　　I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。

　　注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：

　　From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。

　　Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。

　　The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。

　　(五)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

　　限制性定语从句

　　形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

　　意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。

　　译法上：译成先行词的定语：“...的”

　　关系词的使用上：A.作宾语时可省略 B.可用that C.可用who 代替whom

　　非限制性定语从句

　　形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

　　意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。

　　译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。

　　关系词的使用上：A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不可用who 代替whom

　　限制性定语从句举例：

　　The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。

　　China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

　　In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。

　　非限制性定语从句举例：

　　His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。

　　China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 中国是1949年成立的，现在正变得越来越强大。

　　Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。

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