定语从句讲解与练习

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定语从句讲解与练习

　　定语从句在初中英语中的重要性主要体现在完形、阅读和写作中,因此,能否较好的掌握定语从句直接关系到你英语成绩的拔高.下面是小编为你带来的定语从句讲解与练习，欢迎阅读。

　　定义：

　　在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

　　特点：

　　1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

　　2.关联词：

　　1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。

　　2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。

　　关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose代指先行词。

　　关系副词：when,where,why作时间状语。

　　基本结构：

　　先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分

　　关系代词的用法：

　　1.that 和which

　　that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

　　Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

　　His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.

　　Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?

　　The coat(which/that)I put on the desk is black.

　　注意：The room in which I live is very big.(在介词后面不能用that)

　　2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：

　　1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that

　　This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.

　　2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that

　　The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.

　　3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。

　　It is the only word(that)I know in the passage.

　　Where is the very book(that)I bought just now?

　　This is the(same)bicycle(that)I lost.

　　4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that

　　I want everything(that)I want.

　　I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.

　　5)先行词被不定代词all,any,no,every,little,much,many修饰时，只能用that

　　Here is all the money(that)I have.

　　6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that

　　I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see in the room.

　　7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导

　　Is it the one（that）you want？

　　8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句

　　Who is the girl that won the first place?

　　3.who和whom

　　who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。

　　Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。

　　Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?

　　The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.

　　=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.

　　关系副词的用法：

　　1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语

　　I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.when=on which

　　2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

　　This is the house where I lived two years ago.

　　3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词.

　　We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.

　　㈠．单项选择

　　1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

　　A.that B.who C.whom D.this

　　2.The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.

　　A.whom B.which C.who D./

　　3.The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.

　　A.that B.whose C.which D.as

　　4.Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

　　A.the one B.which C.who D.whom

　　5.Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

　　A.the one B.that C.which D./

　　6.The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.

　　A.which B.that C./D.it

　　7.The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.

　　A.which B.in which C.that D.all

　　8._____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.

　　A.That B.Who C.The one who D.The students who

　　9.Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.

　　A.which B.whom C.whose D.this

　　10.This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.

　　A.who B.whom C.which D./

　　11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.

　　A.was B.were C.is D.are

　　12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.

　　A.whom B.who C./D.he

　　13.The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.

　　A.who live next door B.which lives next door

　　C.whom lives next door D.that lives next door

　　14.Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.

　　A.which B.whom C.that D.who

　　15.Don’t go in,this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.

　　A./,to B.that,/C.where,to D.which,there

　　16.He is the most careful boy _____ I know.

　　A.what B.which C.as D./

　　17.This is the school _____ Mr.Smith once taught.

　　A.in that B.when C.where D.there

　　18.Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?

　　A.where B.in that C.that D.which

　　19.The factory _____ Mr.Li used to work was closed last week.

　　A.when B.where C.that D.which

　　20.Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?

　　A.that B.when C.what D.on that

　　21.The first time ___ I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.

　　A.when B.where C.which D.that

　　22.October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.

　　A.when B.that C.where D.in which

　　23.October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.A.which B.when C.where D.in which

　　24.Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?

　　A.which B.where C.in which D.what

　　25.Is this museum _____ they visited last month?

　　A.that B.which C.where D.the one

　　26.I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.

　　A.what B.which C.that D.where

　　27.Did you tell your mother all ___ you had seen on the way home?

　　A.what B.why C.that D.which

　　28.It’s one of the most important meetings ___ this years.

　　A.that has been held B.which has been held

　　C.that have been held D.which have held

　　29.Do you know who lives in the building ___ there is a well?

　　A.in front of it B.in front of whose

　　C.in front of which D.in the front of which

　　30.I’ll never forget the day ___ I joined the League.

　　A.on which B.which C.in which D.at which

　　31.She showed her new watch to my wife,___ was kept in a box.

　　A.who B.which C.that D.it

　　32.She had three sons,all ___ became doctors.

　　A.who B.whom C.of them D.of whom

　　33.This is the new type of plane ___ parts are made of plastics.

　　A.that B.what C.which D.whose

　　34.___ is known to all,China is a developing country,belonging to the third world.

　　A.It B.That C.As D.Which

　　35.Is this the leaning tower ___ Galileo did experiment centuries ago?

　　A.that B.where C.which D.when

　　㈡．将下列两句话合并成一句.

　　1. I can’t find the book..I bought a book yesterday.

　　______________________________________________________________

　　2. The girl is my sister.The girl is standing on the stage.

　　______________________________________________________________

　　3.The West Lake lies in Hangzhou.The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China.

　　______________________________________________________________

　　4.I don’t know that boy.The boy is in blue shirt.

　　______________________________________________________________

　　5.My brother likes the singers.The singers write their own music.

　　______________________________________________________________

　　6.The cat is mine.The cat is playing with a ball.

　　______________________________________________________________

　　答案：

　　一）

　　1-5 A C A B A

　　6-10 B B C A D

　　11-15 A B D D A

　　16-20 D C A B B

　　21-25 D B B A D

　　26-30 D C C C A

　　31-35 B D D C B

　　（二）

　　1. I can’t find the book that/which//I bought yesterday.

　　2. The girl who/that is standing on the stage is my sister.

　　3.The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China that lies in Hangzhou.

　　4.I don’t know the boy who/that is in blue shirt.

　　5.My brother likes the singers who/that write their own music.

　　6.The cat which/that is playing with a ball is mine.

　　where在定语从句

　　一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point

　　You reach a point where medicine can’t help.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。

　　The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in.危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。

　　We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们到了必须改一改的地步。

　　注:有时point也可以是具体的地点:

　　Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E.设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。

　　The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1.事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。

　　二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case

　　There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。

　　Today,we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language

　　properly.今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。

　　三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity

　　Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than

　　hearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。

　　四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation

　　He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。

　　If you risk something important,you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose

　　it.你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。

　　五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position

　　It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。

　　六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job

　　She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能将她的管理

　　技能派上用场的工作。

　　I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day.我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。

　　关系代词引导的定语从句

　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

　　1）who,whom,that

　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.

　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

　　2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同of which互换）,例如：

　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

　　Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

　　3）which,that

　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

　　A prosperitywhich/thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作主语）

　　The packagewhich/thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that 在句中作宾语）

　　关系副词引导的定语从句

　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

　　1）when,where,why

　　关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

　　There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

　　Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。

　　Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

　　2）that代替关系副词

　　that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在非正式文体中that常被省略（正式文体中不可省略），例如：

　　His father died the year(that/when/in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

　　He is unlikely to find the place(that/where/in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

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