英语四级阅读理解特殊句型及练习题

　　Period 1 课前热身

英语四级阅读理解特殊句型及练习题

　　检查学生作业完成情况

　　Period 2 课堂内容讲授

　　近几年来高考对省略、倒装、强调及其他一些特殊句式的考查较多，不但考查各种句式的基本结构，而且考查在具体语境中的用法，以及与定语从句、状语从句结合在一起的混合考查，有时还考查倒装句和强调句的变形。考点1. 强调句

　　【巧点妙拨】 1.陈述：It is / was+被强调成分+that... 疑问：Is / Was it+被强调成分+that... 特殊疑问：特殊疑问词+is / was it that…

　　做题方法为还原法，将it is / was…that…去掉后句子经过调整后仍然成立，即为强调句。

　　2.用助动词do, does, did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。

　　I’m dying to know 句意：我非常想知道到底是什么让他这么兴奋。

　　解析：考查强调句的特殊疑问句, 此处的强调句式放在动词后面充当宾语,名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。考点2.倒装句

　　【巧点妙拨】一. 全部倒装：1.表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in,

　　2.代词such放在句首，且在句中作表语时。例：Such are the facts; no one can deny them.

　　3.为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密，常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首，引起全部倒装。Seated in the first line are some leaders.

　　二.部分倒装：1.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。

　　2.否定意义的词置于句首时，如：never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, at no time, under no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition, in no way。

　　3.as / though引导让步状语从句时，要将表语、状语或谓语动词提到句首；though引导让步状语从句时也可以用正常语序。

　　4.在so + adj. / adv + that结构中，将so + adj. / adv放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。 5.在such + adj. + n. + that结构中，将such + adj. + n放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。 6.由so, neither, nor引起句子，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时。考点3. 省略句

　　【巧点妙拨】一.状语从句中的省略：1.在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，或从句主语为it，并且从句谓语含有系动词be时，可以将从句主语和系动词be省略。 2.在if引导的非真实条件状语从句中，如果从句中含有had, should或were时，可将if省略，同时将had, should, were置于主语前。

　　二. 不定式的省略：1.不定式作动词expect, mean, refuse, like, love, wish, prefer, hope, want等的宾语时，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to。

　　2.当不定式在形容词happy，glad，pleased，delighted，anxious等后作状语时，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to。考点4. 祈使句

　　【巧点妙拨】常考查的句式为：祈使句+and/or+简单句

　　句意：在你能的任何情况下帮助别人, 会把世界变得更美好。解析：“祈使句＋and＋简单句”结构, 相当于一个含有条件状语从句的句子：If you help others whenever you can, you will make the world a nicer place to live in.

　　考点5. 反意疑问句

　　【巧点妙拨】1. 主从复合句中，与主句的主语和谓语保持一致，但是当陈述部分是I / We think / believe / expect / suppose加从句的形式时，反意疑问部分应该和从句的人称时态保持一致。

　　2. 陈述部分是祈使句，反意疑问部分用will you; 陈述部分是Let’s开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分用shall

　　3. must be对现在情况进行推测做一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。

　　4. must have done用来推测过去的动作，句中没有表示过去时间的状语时按现在完成时的附加疑问句进行处理，如果有明确的表过去的时间状语，按一般过去时的附加疑问句进行处理。例：When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, will you?

　　句意：当你读完那本书时, 不要忘记把它放回书架, 好吗? 解析：肯定的祈使句的反意疑问句可用will you或won’t you, 但否定的祈使句的反意疑问句只能用will you。二、典题对应

　　【名师坐堂】首先要加强语法专项练习，尤其是强调和倒装两部分，一定要反复练习，确保记忆的准确和全面。不可对语法条目进行单纯的机械记忆，理解才是真正学好语法的关键。在知识出现交叉的地方，要注意理解，认真对照，找出异同，融会贯通。考前认真研读高考题目，了解高考题目的立意方向和设问风格。

　　典题1. Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr. Smith got angry?(2014年四川卷) 【命题意图】句意：是因为杰克上学迟到而使史密斯先生生气吗？

　　解析：本题考查强调句型。句中被强调的部分是原因状语because Jack came late for school。将Was it…that…去掉后，原句为：because Jack came late for school，Mr. Smith got angry。句子成立。

　　典题2. The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. ______ many stone sculptures of famous historical figures. (stand)

　　大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那儿。（2014年湖北卷翻译句子）【命题意图】考查倒装句。答案：There stand

　　解析：倒装和特殊句型 There stand，there lies, there exist 类似。副词放在句首时句子用全部倒装。典题3. The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if ever, reaching 30℃ in summer. （2014年福建卷）

　　【命题意图】句意：这里的气候宜人，如果曾经有，在夏天气候极少达到30摄氏度。

　　解析：if ever如果曾经有，if not如果不，if any如果有的话，if so如果是这样的话。根据句中的关键词quite pleasant，rarely可知，空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有”。

　　典题4. Call me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. （2014年全国大纲卷）【命题意图】句意：明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。

　　解析：分析句子结构可知，本题为“祈使句＋or/and＋陈述句”结构，故用动词原型。典题5. —I spent two weeks in London last summer.

　　—Then you must have visited The British Museum during your stay, 年重庆卷)

　　【命题意图】句意：—去年夏天，我在伦敦度过了两个星期。—那么，在此期间你肯定参观了英国博物

　　解析：考查反意疑问句。must have done用来推测过去的动作，句中没有表示过去时间的状语时按现在完成时的附加疑问句进行处理，如果有明确的表过去的时间状语，按一般过去时的附加疑问句进行处理。根据题干中的过去时间状语last summer以及during your stay可知，应用过去时。三、命题趋向

　　特殊句式的考查方式灵活多样, 有原则可循, 像主从句的反意疑问句, 强调句型与名词性从句或者是与定语从句的的混合考查, 祈使句与非谓语动词的混合考查, 交际用语中的.省略现象, 等都是考查方向。趋向1. 强调句

　　句意：我想知道你到底是从哪儿获得的这条消息。

　　解析：强调句的特殊疑问句的固定表达模式：疑问词+is it that 从句, 题中是考查在宾语从句中的强调句，故选择陈述句语序。趋向2. 倒装句

　　句意：我们最终爬上了山顶, 在山顶上矗立着一棵古老的大树。解析：本题考查介词短语位于句首句子的全部倒装, 根据时态和含义, 用过去式。趋向3. 祈使句

　　we’ll enjoy the beautiful views to our content. 句意：再有一周的时间, 我们就可以尽情的享受这儿美丽的风景了。

　　解析：考查典型句式：名词短语/祈使句(相当于一个条件句)＋and/or＋一般将来时的陈述句。此处的名词短语 another week相当于一个祈使句(或条件状语从句的省略形式)。趋向4. 反义疑问句

　　It was the first time that he had been late for class, ? 句意：那是他第一次迟到了，不是吗？

　　解析：主从句的反意疑问句, 反意疑问句的主语与主句主语保持一致。四、直击高考

　　I. 翻译下列短文（注意使用倒装句、強调句、省略句、感叹句等特殊句型）

　　以前，我对英语不感兴趣，我也不知道怎样学英语。我很少说英语，从不用英语写信写日记，我几乎看不懂英语报纸。英语那么难，以至于我想放弃它。这时传来了消息，李阳将要帮助我学英语，是李老师激发了我学习英语的兴趣。他不仅教我知识，他还教我学习方法。直到这时我才知道学习英语的方法。只有这时我认识到只有通过练习使用英语我们才能学好英语。我甚至在一次英语竞赛中获得了二等奖。我真是太高兴了！要是没有李老师的帮助我就不可能取得这样大的进步。我明白在我的面前还有许

　　II. 选择填空

　　1. Many questions have been answered by John. He must have previewed the lessons last night, _____ he? A. needn’t

　　B. hasn’t

　　C. didn’t

　　D. mustn’t

　　2. Unreasonable _____, it turned out to be effective. A. though sounded the plan

　　B. though the plan sounded

　　C. the plan sounded though D. sounded the plan though

　　3. It was the travel agency _____ they bought their air tickets from _____ was to blame for the loss. A. that; which

　　B. which; that C. where; which

　　D. where; that

　　4. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____, one of the ten largest cities in China. A. lies Chongqing

　　B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing

　　D. does Chongqing lie

　　5. Not until he left his home _____ to know how important the family was for him. A. did he begin

　　B. had he begun C. he began

　　D. he had begun

　　6. It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. _____, we’d better take it to the garage immediately. A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that

　　D. If so

　　7. So popular _____ that the young generation are dying for one. A. has iPhone 6 become become

　　8. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _____. A. the thief fled

　　B. was the thief fleeing C. the thief was fleeing

　　D. fled the thief

　　B. iPhone 6 has become C. had iPhone 6 become

　　D. iPhone 6 had

　　9. Though _____ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. A. surprising

　　B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised

　　10. _____ and they will finish off the challenging job.

　　A. In a week B. A week later C. After a week

　　D. Another week

　　11. Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs,______ you could have problems. A. or

　　B. and

　　C. but

　　D. so

　　12._____ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. A. Having searched

　　B. To search C. Searching

　　D. Search

　　13. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _____ benefits our work most. A. who

　　B. which

　　C. that

　　D. what

　　14. We all know that, _____, the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with

　　C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with

　　15. Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ____to him again. A. I will speak

　　【强化提升】

　　1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.

　　A. one

　　B. ones B. It’s B. He B. it B. that

　　C. it

　　D. that D. This’s D. That D. one D. one D. You D. it D. what D. It is

　　2. ---- Who’s that?

　　A. That’s A. It

　　---- ____ Professor Li.

　　C. He’s C. She

　　B. will I speak C. do I speak

　　D. I speak

　　3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning. 4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive?

　　A. that A. this A. It A. that A. that

　　---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.

　　C. such C. it

　　5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours. 6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.

　　B. There B. this B. it

　　C. Those C. its

　　7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government. 8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.

　　C. which C. It was

　　9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.

　　A. There was A. you’ll take A. who A. where A. which A. and A. it

　　B. There is

　　10. How long ____ to finish the work?

　　B. you’ll take it B. whom B. that

　　C. will it take you D. will take you C. how C. in which C. as

　　D. that D. on which

　　D. that

　　11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang. 12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting. 13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.

　　B. when B. that B. that

　　14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?

　　C. that’s C. so

　　D. so D. she

　　15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying. 16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.

　　A. many years that A. It, all

　　B. many years before

　　C. many years ago that D. many years when

　　D. There, that

　　17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.

　　B. It, that

　　C. There, who

　　练习二

　　1. ---- Won’t you have another try?

　　A. Yes, I will A. Why don’t 2. ---- I won’t do it any more.

　　---- ____.

　　C. Yes, I will have

　　D. Yes, I won’t have

　　D. Why not do

　　B. Yes, I won’t

　　---- ____?

　　C. Why not

　　---- ____.

　　D. I don’t think so D. Let’s hope not to

　　B. Why don’t do it any more

　　B. I don’t think

　　3. ---- Do you think it will snow tomorrow?

　　A. No, I don’t think A. Don’t hope to A. As A. If A. If

　　4. ---- Will he fail in the exam?

　　C. No, I don’t so

　　---- ____.

　　B. Let’s hope not C. Not hope so

　　C. It’s

　　5. ____ usual, I have forgotten something.

　　B. As it is B. Unless B. Unless B. Would B. so does B. He was

　　D. That is D. Were D. When D. If D. so likes D. although

　　D. don’t

　　6. ____ she a man, she might be elected president.

　　C. Was C. Had C. When C. so is C. who is

　　7. ____ I had time, I would have played it again. 8. ____ it rain tomorrow, I’d stay at home.

　　A. Should A. so

　　9. I like sports and ____ my brother.

　　10. Francis, ____ born in Kentucky, lived and practised law in Missouri.

　　A. was

　　11. ---- Aren’t you the manager?

　　A. don’t want A. I am

　　12. ---- Have you fed the dog?

　　---- No, and I ____. C. don’t want to be ---- No, but ____.

　　C. I’m

　　D. I’m just going

　　B. don’t want to

　　B. I’m just going to B. after all

　　13. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard（标准） — ____, you failed.

　　A. in the end A. did she say

　　C. in other words D. at the same time

　　C. did

　　D. /

　　14. How long ____ she would stay here?

　　B. she said

　　15. ____ could do such thing?

　　A. Whom do you think B. Who do you think

　　C. Do you think whom D. Did you think who

　　练习三

　　1. John was ill. Have you heard about ____?

　　A. this

　　B. he

　　C. it

　　D. the one D. Time is D. who D. that

　　2. Hurry up! ____ getting darker and darker.

　　A. The sky is A. that

　　B. It’s B. when B. which

　　C. Weather is C. after C. so

　　3. It’s the third time ____ I have been here.

　　4. It was simply for that reason ____ I wouldn’t tell him the truth.

　　A. why

　　A. It

　　C. There C. are

　　D. What D. had been

　　D. It is, There is D. the way of which

　　6. ____ is no difference between A and B.

　　B. Where B. were

　　7. It ____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.

　　A. was

　　8. He said, “ ____ a long way to school. ____ a long way to go yet before we arrive.”

　　A. It is, It is A. the way

　　B. There is, There is B. the way in that B. suppose

　　C. There is, It is

　　9. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.

　　C. the way which

　　10. If you go to Xi’an, you’ll find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly ____.

　　A. supposing A. There A. that

　　C. to suppose

　　C. That

　　D. supposed

　　D. It

　　11. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

　　B. This

　　12. It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

　　B. until B. which

　　C. before C. that

　　D. when D. since

　　13. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.

　　A. while

　　14. ---- Do you mind my taking this seat? A. Yes, sit down please C. Yes, take it please

　　A. I’ve no time A. not to

　　---- ____.

　　B. No, of course not D. No, you can’t take it

　　15. ---- I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? --- Not at all. ____.

　　B. I’d rather not B. not to do

　　C. I’d like it C. not do it

　　D. I’d be happy to D. do not to

　　D. that did we know

　　16. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____. 17. It was not until she came to see us ____ her mother was ill in bed.

　　A. when we knew B. that did we knew

　　A. I will shop A. It

　　B. will I shop B. What

　　C. that we knew

　　D. shop I D. Such

　　18. ---- This store has such high prices.

　　---- I agree. Never again ____ here.

　　C. I do shop C. So

　　19. ____ was his kindness that everyone praised him. 20. ____, he would have passed the exam.

　　A. If he were to study B. If he studied hard C. Had he studied hard D. Should he study hard

　　A. So he has, so have you

　　B. So he