职称英语考试重点文章改编练习
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Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions
男人闻出奶酪味，女人嗅出洋葱昧
教材原文：
Little girls may be made of sugar and all things nice, but their armpits smell of onions.______(l)That's the conclusion of research in Switzerland that involved taking armpit sweat samples from 24 men and 25 women after the had spent time in a sauna or ridden an exercise bike for 15 minute.
_______(2) “Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit or onion,” says Christian Starkenmann of Firmenich, a company in Geneva that researches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies.
The team found that the women’s armpit sweat contained relatively high levels of an odourless sulphur-containning compound-5 milligrams per milliliter of sweat versus 0.5 milligrams in men.
When the researchers mixed this compound in the lab with bacteria commonly found in the armpit, the bugs turned it into a thiol-a previously discovered odour from armpits that is akin to onion2.
“The more sulphur precursor we added, the more intense was the malodour," says Starkenmann, whose team's results appear in Chemical Senses.______(3)
The men, meanwhile, had relatively high levels of an odourless fatty acid which turned into a cheesy odour when exposed to the same types of bacteria. The balance of oniony to cheesy precursors in women's sweat made it smell worse than men's as rated by independent smell assessors.
______(4) "We could make inhibitors that neutralise the precursors, or block the bacterial enzymes that do the conversion," says Starkenmann.
Some researchers are sceptical that gender is the main deciding factor, arguing that the patterns found in Swiss volunteers might not apply to other populations with different diets and genetic background.______ (5)
文章中文翻译：
男人闻出奶酪味，女人嗅出洋葱昧
小女孩闻起来可能有糖、香料和所有好东西的味道，但是她们的腋下却闻起来像洋葱。
男人的腋下虽然没有鼻涕虫或者蜗牛的味道，但是却有一股奶酪的气味。这是一项来自瑞士的研究结论，研究中的24位男士和25位女士在一段时间的桑拿浴或 15分钟的骑车锻炼后，腋下的气味被收集作为样本。
研究者发现男人和女人腋下的气味有很大不同。“男人的闻起来更像奶酪，女人的闻起来更像葡萄柚或洋葱”，来自Firmenich公司的Christian Starkenmann说道。Firmenich是一家位于日内瓦，为食物和化妆品研究香味和香水的公司。
研究团队发现女人腋下的气味中含有高浓度无味的含硫合成物——每毫升的气味中有5毫克，而男人腋下的气味中只有0.5毫克。当研究者在实验室中把这种合成物与在腋下普遍存在的细菌混合在一起时，小虫子立刻变成硫醇——之前在腋下发现的一种类似洋葱味道的气味。
“我们加入越多的硫前体，恶臭味就越浓烈”，Starkenmann说。他的团队的研究结果出现在了Chemical Senses中，细菌酶把另一种无味的前体转化为恶臭味。
同时，男人有相对高含量的无味脂肪酸，当它暴露在同一种类型的细菌中时，它 又被转化成了奶酪的气味。当单独测试气味时，女人气味中的洋葱味对奶酪味的平衡使得这种气味闻起来比男人的更糟。
接下来，这个团队希望能为除臭剂发明出新的原料来对抗这种气味。“我们要用抑制剂来中和这种前体，或者阻挡细菌酶来融合这种前体”，Starkenmann说。
一些研究者怀疑性别是主要决定因素，他们认为在瑞士志愿者身上发现的模式可能不适用于其他有着不同饮食、基因背景的人。“其他因素包括你吃什么，用什么洗，穿什么，遗传什么样的`基因”，来自英国加的夫大学的Tim Jacob说道。
练习 :
A Bacterial enzymes turn the otherwise odourless precursor into the malodour.
B And while free of slug or snail odours, men’s armpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff.
C Most cases of skin odor is associated with break down of the compounds found in sweat by bacteria that live on the skin.
D Nest, the team hope to develop new ingredients for deodorants that fight the smells.
E The researchers found marked differences in the sweat from men and women.
F “ Other factors include what you eat, what you wash with, what you weat and what genes you inherit,” says Tim Jacob of Cardiff University in the UK.
改编为阅读理解题目：
1.问：来自瑞士的一项研究结论是什么?
What's the conclusion of the research in Switzerland?
答：小女孩闻起来可能有糖、香料和所有好东西的味道，但是她们的腋下却闻起来像洋葱。男人的腋下虽然没有鼻涕虫或者蜗牛的味道，但是却有一股奶酪的气味。这是一项来自瑞士的研究结论。
Little girls may be made of sugar and all things nice, but their armpits smell of onions. And while free of slug or snail odours, men’s armpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff. That's the conclusion of research in Switzerland.
2. 问：文中第2段“lavours”中文意思是什么?
What does the word “lavours” in the second paragraph mean in Chinese?
答：香水
3.问：文章中“Firmenich”公司是做什么的?
What does the Firmenich company do?
答：Firmenich是一家位于日内瓦，为食物和化妆品研究香味和香水的公司。
It is a company in Geneva that researches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies.
4. 问：是什么导致男人和女人腋下有气味?
What leads to armpit odor among men and women?
答：含硫合成物。
The team found that the women’s armpit sweat contained relatively high levels of anodourless sulphur.
5. 导致男人和女人腋下气味不同的原因是什么?
What’s the cause that causes male and female underarm odor unlike?
因为女人腋下的气味中含有高浓度无味的含硫合成物——每毫升的气味中有5毫克，而男人腋下的气味中只有0.5毫克。
The team found that the women’s armpit sweat contained relatively high levels of an odourless sulphur—containing compound—5 milligrams per milliliter of sweat versus 0.5 milligrams in men.
6.问：为什么男人腋下的气味相对好闻一些?
Why does man armpit smell relatively better?
答：男人有相对高含量的无味脂肪酸，当它暴露在同一种类型的细菌中时，它又被转化成了奶酪的气味。
The men, meanwhile, had relatively high levels of an odourless fatty acid which turned into a cheesy odour when exposed to the same types of bacteria.
7. 问：研究团队研究的目的是什么?
What’s the purpose of research team?
答：希望能为除臭剂发明出新的原料来对抗这种气味。
Nest, the team hopes to develop new ingredients for deodorants that fight the smells.
8.问：作为研究对象的志愿者来自哪个国家?
Where do the volunteer subjects come from?
答：瑞士。
9. 问：有些研究者怀疑什么?
What do some researchers suspect?
答：一些研究者怀疑性别是主要决定因素，他们认为在瑞士志愿者身上发现的模式可能不适用于其他有着不同饮食、基因背景的人。
Some researchers are skeptical that gender is the main deciding factor, arguing that the patterns found in Swiss volunteers might not apply to other populations with different diets and genetic background.
10.问：这篇文章主要讨论了什么?
What’s the theme of the article?
答：男人和女人腋下的气味有很大不同：小女孩闻起来像洋葱，男人却有一股奶酪的气味。
The researchers found marked differences in the sweat from men and women. Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit or onion.
这篇文章，有点科普意味，根据原文，我们改编了10个阅读理解题目，考试中可能会根据这些点来设置题目，大家一定要擦亮眼睛，找到正确选项，得分!
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