2017职称英语试题
应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。阅读能力主要包括以下几个方面：1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;、了解阐述主旨的事实和细节;3、利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义;4、既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系;5、根据所读材料进行判断和推论;6、领会作者的观点、意图和态度。
Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路
When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools. There they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria — or her mother. By this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.
当她12岁的时候， 玛利亚做出了她人生道路的第一个重要决定。她决定继续读书。对于大多数来自中产阶级家庭的女孩子来说，小学毕业就都选择待在家里，尽管有一些参加了教会办的女子精修学校。在那她们学习一些音乐、艺术、针线活，以及如何礼貌交谈。这些并不是玛利亚所感兴 趣的'或者可以说也不是她妈妈感兴趣的。此时，她对待学习更加认真。她不停地读书，他走到哪里就把书带到哪里。有一次她甚至把数学书带到了剧院里，设法在黑暗中学习。
Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of high schools： the "classical" schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature, and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.
玛利亚知道她想要继续正规学习。她想要到公立高中去学习， 很少有女孩子这样做。 在当时的意大利， 有两种形式的高中，一种是传统学校，另一种是 技术类学校。在传统学校中，学生们都依照一种非常 传统的教学方式学习，包含拉丁语、希腊语及文学课，还有意大利的文学与历史。极少数能继续学习的女孩们也大多选择这类学校。
Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science, and accounting2. Most people — including Maria's father—believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.
但是玛利亚打算去技术类学校。技术类学校比传统学校要现代得多，他们提供的课程有现代语言、数学、自然科学，以及会计学。包括玛利亚父亲在内的大部分人都认为，女孩子是不可能弄明白这些科目的。 另外，他们也认为女孩子不适合学习这些。
Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father's approval. She finally did, with her mother's help, though for many years after, there was tension in the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her.
玛利亚并不在乎适合与否。数学和自然科学是她最感兴趣的学科。但是在她报名之前她必须争得她父亲的同意。最后在她母亲的帮助下她成功了，尽管过去很多年她的家庭关系依然很紧张。她的父亲一直地 反对她的计划，而她的母亲却帮助她。
In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti" in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.
1883年，玛利亚13岁的时候考取了罗马的Regia Scuola Tecnica MichelangeloBuonarroti学校。她在这 个学校的经历对我们来说难以想象。尽管课程包括现代学科，而教学方式却是十分传统的。学习包括记忆长长的词条和事件，然后向老师复述。学生们不会以任何的方式被提问或是自己思考。老师非常苛刻，课 堂纪律十分严格，未达标准或者不守纪律的学生会被给予严厉的惩罚。
discipline n纪律，学科，训练，惩罚
punishment n惩罚，严厉对待，虐待