2017年卫生类职称英语模拟题及答案
• In astronomical terms, black holes are truly. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon (视界) only 18 miles across.
• The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trillion (万亿) miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still answers to be found, however, so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe.
1. Black holes are part of space.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
2. Black holes exist but are difficult to observe.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
3. The center of a black hole is empty.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
4. The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
5. The sun is the heaviest star in the universe.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
6. The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
7. The Hubble Space Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
阅读理解
第一篇
U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Chiltd Health Study in January
A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U. S. government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs," Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.
1. The aim of the study is to find new ways to __________.
A. conduct research
B. track public health
C. prevent or treat illness
D. speed up development
2. Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT__________.
A. genetic samples from people in the study
B. biological samples from people in the study
C. samples from the homes of the women and their babies
D. samples of air and water from hospitals
3. It is expected that through the study the nation's health care costs __________.
A. will be lowered in the long run
B. will be significantly increased
C. will be more than $200 million
D. will reach $3.2 billion
4. The babies of the participants will be followed __________.
A. throughout their lives
B. for more than two decades
C. from birth to 21 months
D. until they get married
5. Which is NOT true of the people in the study?
A. They'll be from various areas.
B. They'll be from all income levels.
C. They'll be from all educational levels.
D. They'll be from all age groups.
U. S. Life Expectancy Hits New High
Life expectancy rates in the United States are at an all-time high, with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years, a new federal study finds.
The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in 1955, when the average American lived to be 69.6 years old. By 1995, life expectancy was 75.8 years, and by2005, it had risen to 77.9 years, according to the report released Wednesday.
"This is good news." said report co-author Donna Hoyert, a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics. "It's even better news that it is a continuation of trends, so it is a long period of continuing improvement."
Despite the upward trend, the United States still has a lower life expectancy than some 40 other countries, according to the U. S. Census (人口普查)Bureau. The country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years, followed by Japan, Macau, San Marino and Singapore.
Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country-heart disease, cancer and stroke.
In addition, in 2005, the U. S. death rate dropped to an all-time low of less than- 800 deaths per100,000.
Dr. David Katz, director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine, said, "News that life expectancy is increasing is, of course, good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U. S."
Adding years to life is a good thing, Katz said. "But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well, and not just longer, we still have our work cutout for us." he said.
6. Since 1955, life expectancy rates in the U. S. have ___________.
A. moved up and down
B. been declining
G. remained steady
D. been on the rise
7. Compared with the country with the longest life expectancy, the U. S. is__________.
A. nearly 3 years behind
B. nearly 4 years behind
C. nearly 6 years behind
D. nearly 8 years behind
8. The increase in the U. S. life expectancy is mostly due to __________.
A. declining death rates from heart disease, cancer and stroke
B. increasing life expectancy rates in some other countries
C. a rise in the rate of chronic disease
D. a declining birth rate
9. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The U. S. life expectancy is at an all-time high.
B. The U. S. death rate was at an all-time low in 2005.
C. Chronic disease appears to be at an all-time high in the U. S.
D. The annual death rate in the U. S. is over 800 deaths per 100,000.
10. The expression "adding vital life to years" in the last paragraph means__________.
A. living longer
B. living well
C. living longer and well
D. living at any cost
Medical Education
In 18th century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at King's College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.
Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King's College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University.
In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私营的) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association(AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners (开业医师) that survive to this day.
By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 1424 medical colleges recognized by the Liaison(联络) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. D. degree; during the 1987-1988academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (实习期) , receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.
11. In 18th century America, higher institutions of learning that taught medicine __________.
A. did not exist
B. were few in number
C. were better than those in Europe
D. were known for their teaching hospitals
12. Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America __________.
A. had established professionals
B. had good facilities
C. had high standards
D. were in poor conditions
13. The AMA and AAMC established standards so as to __________.
A. recruit more students
B. set up more schools of medicine
C. ensure the quality of medical teaching and practice
D. prevent medical schools from making huge profits
14. After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice __________.
A. if they have worked in a laboratory