2017年职称英语b类试题
F.hot springs
参考答案
概括大意：CAEFBECA
阅读理解
Smart Windows
1.Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between easily.
2."It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is," says Claes Granqvist. He's a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. "It's contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well." So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they're stuck indoors.
3.Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it's hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的), actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
4.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing(用玻璃覆盖), and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use some chromogenic(发色的)technologies involving changes of color.
5.Electrochromic(电致色的) windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of tungsten oxide(氧化钨)works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(电压)is decreased, the window darkens until it's completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
6.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of "memory". All it takes is a small shock of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. "In the future," Granqvist says, "our buildings may look different."
31.【题干】Which of the following values of windows is NOT mentioned?
A.They let light in to brighten the house.
B.They let light in to heat the house.
C.They let us have visual contact with the surrounding world.
D.They let us think about the outside world.
32.【题干】The expression "when it comes to" in Paragraph 3 is used to_____.
A.signal the arrival of a guest.
B.indicate the recovery of consciousness.
C.show our understanding of something.
D.introduce a new aspect of a topic.
33.【题干】According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that_____.
A.are costed.
B.are glazed.
C.have several layers.
D.can change color.
34.【题干】Which paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows changing?
A.Paragraph 5.
B.Paragraph 3.
C.Paragraph 4.
D.Paragraph 6.
35.【题干】A smart windows is smart mainly because_____.
A.it can change its size.
B.it can change its structure.
C.it can change the voltage of electricity.
D.it has a sort of memory.
补全短文
What Is a Dream?
For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.
Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. _____(46)
The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.
The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer._____(47)For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.
Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. _____(48)
Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.
He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. _____(49)This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.
Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways._____(50)The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.
46.【题干】_____
A.For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.
B.Men and women dream about different things.
C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.
D.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.
E.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.
47.【题干】_____
A.For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.
B.Men and women dream about different things.
C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.
D.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.
E.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.
48.【题干】_____
A.For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.
B.Men and women dream about different things.
C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.
D.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.
E.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.
49.【题干】_____
A.For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.
B.Men and women dream about different things.
C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.
D.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.
E.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.
50.【题干】_____
A.For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.
B.Men and women dream about different things.
C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.
D.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.
E.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.
参考答案
补全短文：EFCAD
完形填空
Warmer climate will bake tropical bugs
Global warming could cook tropical insects, with unpredictable knock-on effects, say researchers who warn that rising temperatures also_____(51)tropical frogs and lizards(蜥蜴).
Temperatures are_____(52)to increase much faster in temperate(温和的)and polar(极地的)regions than in the tropics. But no-one had looked at how warming would affect insects and other cold-blooded animals_____(53)had evolved in tropical regions with little temperature variation.
Curtis Deutsch at the University of California at Los Angeles and colleagues analysed data_____(54)insect survival and reproduction for 38 species in different ecosystems(生态系统), and then estimated how these values would_____(55)with predictions of climate change for the 21st century.
The team found that the reproductive_____(56)of tropical insects tends to peak very close to the temperatures where they normally live, but_____(57)sharply at higher temperatures. This means that cranking up(提高)the heat only a small amount can exert a heavy toll, leaving insects unable to reproduce_____(58)enough to keep up their numbers.