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初中英语词汇复习

时间:2017-11-28 17:31:38 英语词汇 我要投稿

初中英语词汇复习

  一、容易混淆的动词:

  [考试说明] 了解及物动词和不及物动词用法;掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语以及疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本用法;理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法;初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别等。

  1. come & be here

  [误] He has come here for three hours.

  [正] He came here three hours ago.

  [正] He has been here for three hours.

  come是瞬间动词,不是延续性动词,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。而要与表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用延续动词。

  与此同类的还有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.

  2. cost & take & spend & pay

  [误] I cost a lot of time to read stories.

  [正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.

  [正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.

  cost除了钱的花费以外,还能表示时间上的花费,但常用物做主语。spend句子主语是人,可指花费时间和金钱,但后面的动词要用-ing形式,后面也可跟名词短语,介词用on。pay句子主语是人,常与for连用,buy也常与for连用,但花费“钱”要放在介词for后面,而pay则放在介词for前面。

  3. join & take part in

  [误] He joined the League for two years.

  [正] He joined the League two years ago.

  [正] He has been in the League for two years.

  [正] He has been a League member for two years.

  join指“参加”组织,成为一个成员,join sb.意思是“加入某人”,take part in指参加活动特别是大的运动;如指“参加…多长时间”就要用延续动词be in或be a …member,而不能用join。

  4. borrow & lend & keep

  [误] She has lent me the book for a week.

  [正] She lent me the book a week ago.

  [正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.

  borrow和lend是短暂性动词,在肯定句里不和表示一段时间的状语连用,keep延续动词,可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

  borrow意思是“借(进)”,后面跟介词from,lend意思是“借(出)”,后面跟介词to,lend也可用于某些成语中,如lend sb. a hand。

  5. lie & lay & lain

  [误] She laid down the book and laid in bed.

  [正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.

  lie有两个意思,一个是“说谎”,过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d;另一个是“躺,卧;位于”,是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词是lay、lain,现在分词是lying。

  lay意思是“放;孵(蛋)”,其过去式和过去分词是laid、laid。

  6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of

  [误] The table is made from wood.

  [正] The table is made of wood.

  be made in意思是“由……生产”,强调产地;be made of意思是“用……制成”,强调从成品上能看出原料,制成物没改变原料的本质;be made from意思也是“用……制成”,强调从制成物上看不出原料,制成物已改变原料的本质;be made up of意思是“由……构成或组成”,指人或物都可,指结构成分。

  7. stop to do & stop doing

  [误] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.

  [正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.

  [误] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.

  [正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.

  stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(开始)去做(别的某事)”,带to的不定式在句子中作目的状语;stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”,带-ing形式的动名词在句子中作宾语。

  二、容易混淆的名词:

  [考试说明] 了解名词在句中所充当的成分,理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词;熟练掌握所学可数名词复数形式的构成,在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用;掌握物质名词及其数量的表达方法;了解专有名词的概念及一般用法;熟练掌握所学名词所有格的用法;了解集合名词和抽象名词的概念及一般用法。

  1. job & work

  [误] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of jobs to do.

  [正] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.

  job意思是a piece of work,指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作,实际含义是“职业”,而work通常指抽象意义上的工作,是不可数名词,也可指“工作场所”。

  2. by train & change trains

  [误] We came here by the train.

  [正] We came here by train.

  [正] We came here on/in the train.

  [误] We have to change the train at the next station.

  [正] We have to change trains at the next station.

  train意思是“火车”,表示“乘火车”,用by train或on/ the train,表示“换火车”,train必须用复数形式,且前面不加限定词。

  三、容易混淆的形容词:

  [考试说明] 熟练掌握形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法;熟练掌握表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因等疑问副词的用法;熟练掌握形容词、副词比较等级的.构成和good、well、many、much等不规则变化;掌握little、far、ill、bad、badly等不规则变化;能熟练运用下列句型表示两者(人或事物)和三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较;初步掌握用much、little等副词在用法上的区别。

  1. any & some

  [误] Have you got some money with you?

  [正] Have you got any money with you?

  [误] Would you like any milk?

  [正] Would you like some milk?

  any和some意思是“一些”,用作定语,可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。any多用于否定句和疑问句,some多用于肯定句。

  但如果说话人表示“请求,提议”或“希望得到肯定回答”的意义时,some也可用在疑问句中;some还可用于单数名词前,表示未知或说话人不想特别说明的人、地、物等,意思是“某一,某个”。

  如果表示“任何,无论哪个”时,any可用在肯定句中。

  2. either & each & both & neither & every

  [误] There are many flowers on either side of the street.

  [误] There are many flowers on neither side of the street.

  [误] There are many flowers on each sides of the street.

  [正] There are many flowers on both sides of the street.

  [正] There are many flowers on each side of the street.

  [误] Every student has not finished their homework.

  [正] No student has finished their homework.

  either意思是“两者之一的”,each意思是“任意一个的”,neither意思是“两者都不的”,every强调整体,意思是“个个”。

  3. few/little & a few /a little

  [误] Sorry, I have few money on me.

  [正] Sorry, I have little money on me.

  [误] Her books are few.

  [正] She has few books.

  [误] The work needs a few number of workers.

  [正] The work needs a small number of workers.

  [正] The work needs a few workers.

  few后跟可数名词复数,little后跟不可数名词,都表示“几乎没有”的否定性意思;a few和a little区别也在于前者跟可数名词,后者跟不可数名词,都表示“有几个”的肯定性意思。

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