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英语字母组合发音规律

时间:2017-06-02 17:14:26 少儿基础英语 我要投稿

英语字母组合发音规律

  基础英语是英语入门者所必须学习的内容,基础英语是否学得好,关系到以后英语进阶学习的学习效果。下面是小编整理的关于英语字母组合发音规律,希望大家认真阅读!

  1.开音节

  1)以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例:be,he。

  2)以辅音字母(r 除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例:make,like。

  * 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。

  2.闭音节

  以一个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节,

  称为闭音节。例:map,desk,is。

  * 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。

  字母a,e,i,o,u 在重读音节中的读法

  字母 名称 位置 读音 举例

  a /ei/

  开音节 /ei/ name,take

  闭音节 /æ / map,bag

  e /i:/

  开音节 /i:/ be,he

  闭音节 /e/ egg,best

  i /ai/

  开音节 /ai/ like,kite

  闭音节 /i/ bit,fit

  o /ou/

  开音节 /Eu/ note,no

  闭音节 // dog,lot

  u /ju:/

  开音节 /ju:/ mute,use

  闭音节 // bus,cut

  一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

  元音字母 读 音 例 词

  a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake

  在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back

  e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese

  在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg

  i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite

  在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim

  o 在开音节中 [Eu] those close go hoe home no

  在闭音节中 [E] clock not box shop sock

  u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday,但u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super。但u在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch

  二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

  元音字母读音例词

  a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality

  a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

  i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high

  o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold

  o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother

  三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

  元音字母读音例词

  a [E] China another woman breakfast

  [i ] orange comrade village cabbage

  e [E] hundred student open weekend

  [i ] chicken pocket begin children

  i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal

  [ai] exercise satellite

  o [E] second tonight somebody welcome

  [Eu] also zero photo

  u [E] autumn difficult

  [ju(:)] popular congratulation January

  动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate

  u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:) ]音,例如:July influence February issue

  在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作音。

  四、-r音节元音字母组合

  1、在重读音节中的'读音元音字母组合读音例词

  ⑴、ar 一般发音 [α:] car farm dark sharpener

  在[w]音后面 [c:] warm quarter towards

  ⑵、or 一般发音 [c:] forty morning short

  在[w]音后面 [E:] word worker worse

  ⑶、er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday

  ⑷、辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry

  2、在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

  五、-re音节元音字母组合

  1、在重读音节中的读音

  are [εE] care dare hare

  ere [iE] here mere

  ire [aiE] fire hire wire

  ore [c:] more score before

  ure [juE] pure cure

  2、在非重读音节中are ere ire ore很少出现,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure

  3、重读元音字母+r+非重读元音字母组时,重读元音字母应按a(e,i,o,u)re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring

  4、某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph

  六、元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音

  元音字母组合读音例词

  ai/ay [ei] rain wait day play

  air [εE] air hair chair pair repair

  al 在f,m,s前后

  [c:] small ball talk wall all

  [ c: l ] always also salt almost

  [α:] half calm

  au/aw [c:] autumn daughter draw

  ea的发音

  [i:] teach easy cheap please

  [e] heavy bread sweater weather

  [ei] break great

  ear

  [iE] hear dear near clear year

  [εE] bear pear wear swear

  [E:] earth learn early

  ee [i:] jeep week green three

  eer [iE] pioneer deer beer

  ei/ey

  [ei] eight neighbour they

  [i:] either key

  eu/ew在j l r s后

  [ju:] new few newspaper

  [u:] flew brew jewelry

  ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive

  oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal

  oar/oor [?:] roar board door floor

  oi/oy [?i] noise point boy toilet

  oo

  1. 重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;也),zoo(动物园),

  2. 在辅音字母f, l, m, n, p,s,t前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋顶),school(学校),room(房间),soon(不久),loop(圈,环),goose(鹅)boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿)等.有二个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);:foot[u](脚);

  3. 字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(书),look(看),特例词:food[u:](食物);

  4. 在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。如:bedroom(卧室),classroom(教室)等;

  5. 在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[∧]的音。如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.

  6. 后接r时字母组合oo发音素[?:] door,floor

  ou/ow

  [au] flower house count down

  [ou] know row throw though

  [∧] young country enough

  [u:] group you soup

  our

  [?:] course your four

  [auE] our hour ours

  [E:] journey

  ui在j l r s后

  [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition

  [u ] juice fruit suit

  七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音

  元音字母组合或字群读音例词

  ai/ay , ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey

  ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow

  元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee

  -sion -tion [Fn] impression nation

  -sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion

  -tion在s后 [t∫En] question suggestion

  -sten [sn] listen

  -stle [sl] whistle

  -sure [VE] pleasure measure

  -ture [t∫E] picture culture

  八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音

  复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如: everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[C:]

  有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜

  九、辅音字母组合的读音

  辅音字母组合 读 音 例 词

  b [b] bike bus bag

  [/] bomb tomb

  c

  (1)后跟元音字母a,o,u时,字母c发[k],例如:cat,come,cut,cake picture coat music;后跟e,i,y时,字母c发[s],例如:nice,decide,Lucy,face decide cinema。

  (2)后跟辅音字母k,r,s,t,以及位于单词最后时,字母c发[k],例如:black,crossing,politics,dictate,picnic。

  (3)单词中有双写字母c,后跟元音字母e或i时第一个c发[k],第二个c发[s],例如:successful,accident;后跟其它元音字母或字母组合时,两个c合发一个[k],例如:account。

  (4)后跟字母组合ei,er,ie或与词尾的字母e组合时,c发[s],例如:receive,certainly,society;后跟字母组合ia时,c发[∫],例如:especially。

  ch

  一般读作 [t∫] much chick rich teacher

  [k] chemist(化学家),chem-istry(化学),chemical(化学的),Christmas(圣诞节), headache(头痛),school(学校)等6个单词中读[k]

  [∫] machine

  -ck [k] cock pocket black knock

  d [d] doctor bread hand day

  -dge [dV] bridge fridge

  dr- [dr] children driver drink

  f [f] five four breakfast

  g在e i/y前 [g] bag garden go

  [dV] orange large German

  gh字母组合的读音在中学英语课本中归纳起来主要有“发音”和“不发音”两种情况。

  一、gh在下列三种情况下发音

  1.gh在词首时,读作/g/。例:ghost/g?ust/

  2.词首为字母1,且后跟字母组合augh时,gh读作/f/。例:laugh/la:f/,laughter/'la:ft?/,cough ,enough

  3.词尾为字母组合ough时,gh读作/f/。例:enough /i'n?f/,cough/k?f/,rough/r?f/,tough/t?f/

  二、gh在下列五种情况下不发音

  1.gh 在元音字母i后不发音。例:bright/brait/,fight/fait/,frighten/'fraitn/,high/hai/,light/lait/,might/mait/,night/nait/,right/rait/,sight/sait/,slight/slait/

  2.gh在元音字母组合ei和ai后不发音。例:eight/eit/,eighth/eitθ/,neighbor/'neib?/,straight/streit/,weigh/wei/,weight/weit/

  3.gh在字母组合ought中不发音。例:bought/b?:t/,brought/br?:t/,fought/f?:t/,thought/θ?:t/

  4.字母组合augh前面不是1时,gh不发音。caught/k?:t/,daughter/'d?:t?/,naught/n?:t/,naughty/'n?:ti/,taught/t?:t/

  5.词尾为ough的词,如以上所述,有的发/f/,但有时也不发音。例:although/?:l'ð?u/,plough/plau/,through/θru:/,though/ð?u/,thorough/'θ?r?/

  注意:若gh不是字母组合,而是分属于前后两个不同的音节时,不适合以上规则。例:dininghall/'daini?h?:l/

  gu-

  -guegu在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue

  [gw] language anguish

  h

  [h] hot head house hand

  [/] hour honest

  j [dV] jeep jar joke join July

  k [k] kind bike skate make week

  kn- [n] knife know knock

  l [l] life milk school tall

  m [m] monkey come autumn

  -mn [m] autumn column solemn

  n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note

  [N] uncle thank hungry

  -ng [N] morning young wrong

  p [p] paper plane pig ship pen

  ph [f] elephant photo telephone

  q [k] Iraq

  qu- [kw] quality quite

  r [r] red rubber ruler

  s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk

  [z] music husband

  sc- [sk] scarlet

  [s] muscle science

  sh [∫] she fish shirt wash

  t

  [t] ten letter meet

  在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [∫] patient nation

  tch [t∫] watch

  th有清与浊两种读音:

  1 当位于词首时,可以从词性上判别其应有的读音。请看:

  第一类:在以下 4种 词类 th 读 清音,即国际音标的 θ :

  a. Noun 名词:thing, theatre, thumb大拇指, thunder雷,thermos热水瓶, Thursday, theory, theme, throat喉咙, thread线

  b. Verb 动词:think, thank, throw, thrive, thicken,

  c.Numeral 数词:three, thirteen, thirty, third, thousand

  d.Adjective 形容词:thin, thick, thirsty, thoughtful, thorough彻底的

  第二类:在以下 两种 词类 th 读 浊音:

  a. Pronoun 代词:they, them, their, theirs, this, these,that, those, there

  b. Functional terms 功能词:the, than, then, though, thus,therefore

  2 当位于词尾(或音节之尾)时,其读音多数是清音,如:bath, breath, both, cloth, tooth, health, wealth, arithmetic 等。只有在少数单词中,如:with, smooth 中读浊音。

  3 当位于两个元音之间时,其读音多数是浊音。如:other, mother, brother, another, father, weather, feather, leather, further, breathe。 但是,也有读清音的,如在单词 method, nothing, anything, sympathy, sympathetic, mathematics, healthy, wealthy, Luther, Marathon(马拉松)等。

  tr- [tr] tree train country truck

  v [v] very voice love leave

  w

  [w] week win wake sweet wait

  [/] Answer two

  wh-

  wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why

  [h] who whose whole

  x

  在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise

  [gz] example exist exact

  wr- [r] write

  y- [j] yes yard yellow young

  z [z] puzzle zero zoo

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