高考英语阅读答题技巧「四选一」

2023年高考英语阅读答题技巧「四选一」

　　高考英语阅读理解常见的题目形式是四选一，顾名思义，就是从四个备选答案中选出符合题目要求的答案。为了帮助大家备考，小编整理了一些答题技巧，希望能帮到大家!

　　1、细节题解题技巧

　　细节题，顾名思义，就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换)。

　　现在围绕上述的定位理论，引申出几个小的技巧：

　　(1) 关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字(日期、时间、价格等)，就可以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。

　　As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年高考英语北京A篇)

　　What happened to the author in 2011?

　　A. She flew an airplane

　　B. She entered a competition

　　C. She went on a hot air balloon ride

　　D. She moved into a retirement community

　　解析：此题属典型细节题，通过题干中的时间in 2011不难定位到文中粗体字部分，很容易可以锁定正解为C。

　　(2) 同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。

　　He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out， exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. (2010年高考英语北京B篇)

　　What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?

　　A. Finding the news value of his stories.

　　B. Giving him financial support.

　　C. Helping him to find issues.

　　D. Improving his good ideas.

　　解析：此题属细节题，定位方式为同义定位法。题干中的talks和文章中conversations对应，而want most和longs for对应，这样不难得出答案为D。

　　小结：在阅读中，精准快速的定位加上正确的理解力才能保证做题的量与质。定位法是需要在做题的过程中有意识的培养的，做题的技巧也是可以总结的，关键是要自觉培养这种分析归纳和总结的意识以及能力。

　　2、推理题解题技巧

　　推断题定义：在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。

　　出现特征：在考题中经常出现的词有infer， imply， indicate， conclude， learn from， probably， most likely， prove /according to等。

　　She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.'; “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.

　　How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house? (2010年高考英语北京A篇)

　　A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.

　　解析：由题目得知：是考察作者的态度题。首先定位到文章作者的话语和行为，即

　　(1) No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway.

　　(2) We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.“

　　(3) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.

　　可知作者对它是正的情感，排除C，D.再由作者对它的不舍，答案选B

　　3、主旨大意题解题技巧

　　Topic/Title型-使用逆推法

　　(1) 要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系

　　(2) 再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何

　　(3) 要注意题目是否过大或者过小

　　(4) 要避免下列三种错误

　　概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小)

　　过度概括(多表现为扩大范围)

　　以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。

　　Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.

　　Text messages have been popular in recent years， particularly among young people. The wireless industry's trade association， CTIA， estimates(估计) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.

　　The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act， a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.

　　“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before， and during， disasters and other emergencies，” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said， following approval of the plan.

　　Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary， but it has received support from the wireless industry.

　　The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.

　　There would be three different types of messages， according to the rules.

　　The first would be a national alert from the president， likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”， which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abduction (绑架) emergencies， or so-called Amber Alerts.

　　The service could be in place by 2010.( 2008年高考英语山东卷B篇)

　　66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students

　　B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry

　　C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters

　　D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon

　　解析：D。主旨大意题。第一段开门见山，提出将创建一个全国性的短信警报系统;最后一段重申主题，对这种新系统的未来进行展望。因此最准确的标题是D。A项错在protecting students;B项错在by wireless industry;C项错在National Disasters。

　　4、词义句意题解题技巧

　　要求考生通过阅读上下文，结合中学生应有的赏识来推测尚不熟悉的词或者词组的意思。出现特征：划线或者引号

　　解题方法之一：根据上下文，往往是本句中的同位关系进行猜测。

　　Weeks later， standing before this unfriendly mass， I was totally lost. Oh well， I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk， burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report， it all became clear， “My report is on George Washington， the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?

　　62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京，B篇，62，答案D)

　　A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager

　　解析：从burning这个词来说，意为“发热的，强烈的，燃烧的”，后面紧跟动词词组“find out”说明在寻找时刻的心情是很紧张和急迫的，最后是一个宾语从句，是我曾经做错过什么，那么这个题目显然就是选择和“渴望的，热切的”词义，显然为D选项。

　　5、结构顺序题解题技巧

　　常见提问方式：

　　How is the passage organized?

　　Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

　　The author develops the passage mainly by….

　　解题思路：

　　(1) 注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，

　　(2) 找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。

　　(3) 最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。

　　The Diet Zone： A Dangerous Place

　　Diet Coke， diet Pepsi， diet pills， no-fat diet， vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically(身体上).

　　Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level， we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight， but in controlling the consumption of fatty， high-calorie， unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.

　　On another level， diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink， we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain， and that life can be without resistance and struggle.

　　The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us， but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional， and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.

　　Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us， it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds， not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this， we will be much better able to resist diet products， and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. (2008高考英语北京卷E篇)

　　75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　　题目

　　解析：文章第一段点明节食产品在误导人们;第二段说明节食产品对人们心理上的影响;第三段说明节食产品误导人们认为不费劲就可以减肥，即对人们身体上的危害;第四段说明节食产品的危害;第五段说明人们应该慎重对待节食产品，故从文章结构上看应该是B项正确。

　　高考英语阅读题的解题思路

　　1.正确审题是答题基础

　　审题正确保证所获取的信息正确,为正确答题提供保障;相反,如果审题错误,就会导致获取的信息错误,最后引起答题错误,因此第一步就要正确审题。正确的审题包括两个方面的要求:一是对问题的内容正确理解，二是对问题的要求准确把握。只有这样,把问题弄明白了,才能保证答题的方向正确。

　　2.查找相关信息是答题的关键

　　信息是答题的根据、答题的根本。如果找不出信息,也就无法答题。因此查找相关信息是正确答题的关键。然而一篇三百字左右的文章所包含的信息很多,考生不能胡乱找出一二句话作为答题的信息,而必须根据第一步对问题内容的理解,找出与问题内容相关的句子。从而使答案有据可查、有本可依,保证答案内容正确。

　　3.正确表达是答题的目的

　　正确表达是答题的归宿、是答题的目的。如果表达不正确,轻则影响得分,重则前功尽弃。因此,在找出了与问题相关的信息后,就必须结合问题的要求,对信息进行加工、整合、处理,保证答案的形式正确,从而使答案正确无误。

　　高中英语的阅读题的答题技巧

　　1.先题后文,有的放矢

　　考生在答题之前,先浏览一下问题,弄清问题的内容和要求。然后带着问题去阅读文章,从而避免了文章中无关信息的干扰,使阅读有意识、有目的地进行。

　　2.快速阅读,找出信息

　　阅读文章时,对于与问题无关的信息一扫而过,特别是对与问题无关的生词,当放下的就必须放下,切不可纠缠不清,耽误时间;而对于与问题相关的信息在阅读时就一边用笔将其圈划出来。

　　待到把文章阅读完以后,只要对这些信息进行处理即可。

　　3.研究信息,正确作答

　　通过对文章的阅读,找出了与问题相关的信息,那么就要回过头来,根据问题的要求对信息进行加工、处理。

　　4.对照检查,确保无误

　　对问题进行作答后,若时间允许的话,应该将问题、相关信息及所作答案进行对照,检查意思是否准确一致、表达方式是否得当、单词拼写是否正确。这样确保答案无误,从而夺得本试题的高分。

　　高中英语完形填空的做题方法

　　第一步：跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。第一遍读文章时不要做题，而是跳过空格，通读试题所给的要填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。平时自己做题时，如果读一遍读不懂，那就读两遍，读两遍还是读不懂，那就再读一遍。一定要记住“读不懂文章不要做题”，因为没有理解文章做了也是白做，既浪费时间又浪费精力，还自欺欺人，危害不小。总之，一定要在理解短文意思的基础上才能开始做题。

　　另外，读第一遍时要注意先读懂文章的首句和末句，因为这两句往往是没有被挖空的句子。它们往往是全文的关键句，是文章的“窗口”和“指南”，可作为解题的突破口。通过读文章的首句一般可判断文章的体裁、人物、时间、事件和事态等。文章的最后一句或最后一段，往往是故事发展的结果，所陈述的事件的结论、启示性的提示，或是对全篇文章的概括。因此，先读一读末句对理解文章是很有帮助的。

　　第二步：结合选项，综合考虑，初选答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合所给备选项再次细读全文。联系上、下文内容。注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示。以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构人手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项，初步选定答案。有把握的先做，没有把握的“跳过”。

　　第三步：先易后难，瞻前顾后，各个击破。对比较明显、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，自然就会降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。

　　值得一提的是，近年来的高考完形填空，已很少有纯粹的语法题材。完形填空主要考查考生根据不完整的上下文，推断出文段发展走向的逻辑思维能力，其考查的重点不是语法和词法的知识。任何一篇文章的句子结构和内容上不会孤立存在，句子与句子之间是有很强的逻辑关系的。因此，必须借助上下文的一些暗示才能正确解题。

　　第四步：复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏。做完所有的空格后，把所选的答案补入空格中，把文章通读一遍，逐空认真复查，看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法，发现误选的答案或有疑问的、不清楚的答案，再次推敲，作出修正。