英语四级改错常见形式
一、英语四级短文改错常见形式
1、错词(words mistaken)
在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词(change a word)，这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。
2、缺词(words missing)
在标有题号的一行的任何位置——包括行首词前和行末词后——缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词(insert a word)。
3、多词(words redundant)
在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去(cross out a word)。短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词，哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和标记。
历年考题的统计资料表明，绝大多数改错设计为错词一类。其主要原因除了命题因素外，更由于这类错误形式难度较大，并更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。改错规则:不论是错词，缺词或多词，考生在改错时只能动一个词。
二、英语四级短文改错的解题方法
1、三步法解题
(1)通读全文，了解全文大意和主题;
(2)找错并改正;
(3)通读全文，核对检验。
2、解题步骤
(1)在理解句子的基础上，先从动词、句法的角度判断有无这方面的错误以及错误的位置;
(2)确定无句法错误后，再考虑用法、搭配和近形近义方面的错误;
(3)在排除了上述两种可能后，应着重从语篇角度寻找有无上下文语义方面的错误(注意连接性词语和那
些可能有反义词的词);
(4)注意标有题号的各行与上行或下行相临处的错误;
(5)若经过以上步骤还无法判断错误所在，则应暂时放弃该行，而继续往下做，待做完全文，对全文有更深入、更完整的理解的基础上进行检验时再作判断。宜从介词及一些简单而易被忽视的语法角度的“细微处”多加考虑。
There are great many reasons for studying what philosophers1.___have said in the past.
One is that we cannot separate the history of philosophy from which of science. Philosophy is2.__
large discussion about matters on which few people are quite3.__certain, and those few hold opposite opinions.
As knowledge increases, philosophy buds off the sciences. For an example, in the ancient world and the Middle Ages4.___philosophers discussed motion.
Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas taught that a moving body would slow down until a force 5.___were constantly applied to it.
They were wrong. It goes on moving unless something slows it down. But they had good arguments on their side, and if we study these, and the experiments which proved them right this will help us to distinguish truth 6.___
from false in the scientific controversies of today. 7.__
We also see how different philosopher reflects the social 8.___ life of his day.
Plato and Aristotle, in the slave-owning society of ancient Greece, thought man's highest state was contemplation rather than activity. In the Middle Ages St. Thomas
believed a regular feudal system of nine ranks of angels. Herbert 9.___Spencer,
in the time of free competition between capitalists, found the key to progress as the survival of the fittest. Thus 10.___Marxism is seen to fit into its place as the philosophy for the workers, the only class with a future.
[详细解释]
1. are ∧ great → a? a great many为固定搭配，修饰可数名词，意为“很多，大量”，后面的名词用复数形式。
2. which → that? that这里做代词，指代前文已经提到的“history”一词，而which可做疑问代词或定语从句的引导词，代这里不能用。
3. large → largely? largely这里是副词，意为“在很大程度上”，如果有人打算把large考虑成修饰discussion的形容词，那么，前边势必加冠词a或the,但没有large discussion的说法，所以这里只能把large改换成副词。
4. an → /? for example是固定搭配，意为“例如”，中间不加不定冠词an。
5. until → unless? until常和not连用，形成not…until句式，所以not是检验until是否用对的一个标志。这句在说：“亚里士多德和圣托马斯·阿奎那都认为一个运动的物体除非给它不停地使力，否则它就会停下来”。unless这里是“除非”的意思。
6. right → wrong? 这句话说“但是他们那一方面有很好的论证。如果我们研究这些论述和证明这些说法是错误的那些实验，那么我们就会辨清今日科学纠纷的真与假”。根据上下文判断，这里应是wrong。
7. false → falsehood? 这里需要一个名词，因此把false改为falsehood。
8. different → every? 这句谓语动词和主语均为第三人称单数，而用different修饰的名词一般用复数形式，因此需要改变different。再看下文，列举了诸位哲学家，因此可把different 改为every，既不妨碍句子意思，又符合语法规则。
9. believed ∧ a → in? believe in 意为“相信”，后常接名词，而believe则为“相信或认为”，后常接从句，因此加上一个介词in。
10. as → in? 此句意为“斯宾塞在资本主义自由竞争时期，发现进步的关键在于适者生存”，此句的另一表达方式为“Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitalists, found the survival of the fittest as the key to progress.”而按现有语序，需把as改成in。