英语四级考试语法精要
引导语：英语四级考试语法精要，由应届毕业生培训网整理而成，希望能够帮助到您。
一、动名词
1. 某些动词后要接动名词
某些及物动词后能用动名词而不能用不定式作宾语，其中最常用动词的有admit, avoid, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, involve, imagine, can’t help, mind, miss, postpone, practise, prevent, quit, resent, risk, resist, suggest等。
She suggested spending another day in the mountain area.
There’s no way to escape doing the work.
She is considering asking her employer for a rise.
Note:
① 在need、want、require、deserve等动词后的动名词相当于不定式的被动式
The clock needs/wants repairing. (=The clock needs/wants to be repaired)
The disabled deserve respecting. (=The disabled deserve to be respected.)
② 在like、hate、prefer等动词后,如果表示一般倾向,则用动名词作宾语;如果指具体的某次发生在将来的行动，则要用不定式。
I like reading books of this kind, but I don’t like to read that book.
She prefers walking to cycling.
I prefer to stay at home today.
③ 在remember、forget、regret等动词后,如果用动名词作宾语，则表示该宾语的动作发生在动词谓语的动作之前;如果用不定式作宾语，则表示宾语的动作发生在动词谓语的动作之后
I remembered locking the door. (=I remembered that I had locked the door.)
I remembered to lock the door (=I remembered that I was to lock the door.)
I regret telling you about it. (=I regret that I told you about it.)
I regret to tell you he has fallen ill. (=I regret that I am to tell you he has fallen ill.)
2. 动名词作介词的宾语
动名词可作介词的宾语，与介词一起构成介词短语，在句中作定语、状语或表语。
His dream of becoming a successful writer has come true.
She left without saying goodbye to us.
动名词作介词的宾语常用在某些词组后面。这类常用的词组主要有：be accustomed to, believe in, confess to, dream of, feel like, give up, insist on, be interested in, look forward to, object to, have an (no) objection to, pay attention to, put off, be responsible for, succeed in, be tired of, be (get) used to, worry about,等。
He is used to living on his own.
He has made up his mind to give up smoking.
3. 带逻辑主语的动名词
动名词可以有逻辑主语，其构成形式为“名词或代词的所有格+动名词”。带逻辑主语的动名词又称为动名词的复合结构，在句中用作主语,宾语,表语和介词的宾语。在非正式语体中，如果动名词的复合结构在句中作宾语，也可以宾格来充当动名词的逻辑主语。但考生需注意的是，在各种英语测试中，专家们仍坚持在正式语体中用代词的所有格来作动名词的逻辑主语。
Your driving a car to New York took longer than I expected.
I appreciated her devoting herself to the cause of education.
Your mother will be astonished at your coming home so late.
What we felt uneasy about was Li Ming’s having too much confidence in himself.
二、不定式
1. 某些动词后要接不定式
某些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语，其中最常用的动词有agree, afford, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, regret, remember, seek, tend, try, volunteer, want, wish等。
What do you plan to do tomorrow?
She hated to move from such a nice village.
In class teachers should try to get feedback from their students
2. 不定式的被动式
不定式有被动式，当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动式，在句中可作主语，宾语，定语，状语，复合宾语等。作定语时，通常表示在谓语动作后将要发生的动作。
The last question to be discussed today is how to do the job more efficiently.
She preferred to be given more difficult work to do.
3. 不定式的完成式
当不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，不定式要用完成式，在句中可作宾语，状语以及构成复合宾语，复合谓语。
She seemed to have heard about the news already.
He was believed to have been a very rich man.
4. 不定式的完成被动式
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，且不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，不定式要用完成被动式，在句中可作主语，宾语或构成复合宾语，复合谓语。
The forest fire is reported to have been put out last night.
It is supposed to have been finished without referring to any reference books.
5. 带逻辑主语的不定式短语
不定式可以有逻辑主语，其构成形式为“for +代词的宾格(或名词) +不定式”。 带逻辑主语的不定式短语可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或状语等。