2016年6月大学英语四级第一套真题及答案「阅读部分」
48.How do robots learn human values?
A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations。
B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings。
C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior。
D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings。
49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?
A)keep a distance from possible dangers。
B)Stop to seek advice from a human being。
C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once。
D)Do sufficient testing before taking action。
50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?
A)Determine what is moral and ethical。
B)Design some large-scale experiments。
C)Set rules for man-machine interaction。
D)Develop a more sophisticated program。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage。
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard
explanations： keeping a moderate diet， engaging in regular exercise， etc。 But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American
Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100。
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing， more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people。 Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span。 These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory： those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times。
Interestingly， however， other characteristics that you might consider
advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer。 Those who were more self-disciplined， for instance， were no more likely to live to be very old。 Also， being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life， which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways。
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate。 But the new paper suggests that if you want long life， you should strive to be as outgoing as possible。
Unfortunately， another recent study shows that your mother‟s personality may also help determine your longevity。 That study looked at nearly 28，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious， depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets。 Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we‟re adults， which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger。
Personality isn‟t destiny(命运)， and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change。 But both studies show that long life isn‟t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health。
51。 The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____。
A)to see whether people‟s personality affects their life span
B)to find out if one‟s lifestyle has any effect on their health
C)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
D)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
52。 What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A)They have a good understanding of evolution。
B)They are better at negotiating an agreement。
C)They generally appear more resourceful。
D)They are more likely to get over hardship。
53。 What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?
A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life。
B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times。
C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity。
D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity。
54。 What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?
A)Children‟s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers。
B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner。
C)Mothers‟ influence on children may last longer than fathers‟。
D)Mothers‟ negative personality characteristics may affect their children‟s life spans。
55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?
A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one‟s life span。
B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health。
C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is。
D)Health is in large part related to one‟s lifestyle。
参考答案：
词汇理解
26 B advanced
27 D frequent
28 G dempens
29 A abandoned
30 M provide
31 K grant
32 H dietant
33 L merely
34 I frequent
35 F dampens
长篇阅读
36. 正确选项 E
37. 正确选项 L
38. 正确选项 B
39. 正确选项 H
40. 正确选项 N
41. 正确选项 J
42. 正确选项 F
43. 正确选项 C
44. 正确选项 I
45. 正确选项 G
仔细阅读
Passage one
46. 正确选项C。It can be avoided if human values aretranslated into theirlanguage.
47. 正确选项D。 They areill-bred.
48. 正确选项C。 By picking up patterns from massive dataonhuman behavior.
49. 正确选项D。 Do sufficient testing beforetakingaction.
50. 正确选项A。 Determine what is moral andethical.
Passage Two
51. 正确选项A。to see whether people’s personality affectstheir life span
52. 正确选项D。 They are more likely to getoverhardship.
53. 正确选项C。 Such personality characteristicsasself-discipline have no effect onlongevity.
54. 正确选项D。 Mothers’negative personalitycharacteristics may affect their children’s lifespans..
55. 正确选项B。 Longevity results form a combination ofmentaland physical health.
56 B advanced
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