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英语语法中的分词的解析

时间:2018-10-16 15:32:29 基础英语 我要投稿

英语语法中的分词的解析

  1.分词的性质:

  具有形容词性质,可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语,现在分词表示主动,且动作在进行:过去分词表示被动,或动作已完成。

  2.分词的.形式:

  例: write (vt) rise (vi)

  主动语态 被动语态 主动 过去分词

  时态

  现在时 writing being written rising risen /

  完成时 having written having been written having risen /

  3.分词的用法:

  (1)定语 分词置于被修饰名词前

  分词短语于置于被修饰名词后

  a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping

  a running dog = a dog which is running

  a broken glass = a glass which is broken

  a beaten team = a team which is beaten(beaten 是被打败的意思)

  This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.

  The problem being discussed is very important.

  (2)表语:The book is interesting.

  He is interested in the book.

  The news is exciting.

  He feels excited.

  (3)宾语补足语:

  When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.

  I'd like to havethis package weighed.

  (4)状语:(以下例句值得一背!)

  ① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.

  → Turning to the left, you'll find the station.

  ② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.

  → Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.

  ③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.

  → Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.

  ④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answeredthat she was a heavy smoker.

  → Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.

  注意:在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。

  ① Whenschool was over, the boys went home.

  → Being over, the boys went home. ×

  School being over, the boys went home. √

  ② As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.

  → My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.

  ③ Ifweather permits, I'll start tomorrow.

  → Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.

  ④ I fwe judge from his face, he must be ill.

  → Judging from his face, he must be ill.(这里应该是 we judging ...,但若主语是we, one, you表示“一般人”,主语可省略)

  实际上,这里涉及到独立主格结构问题,以后在作分解!

  4.分词的时态:

  现在分词一般时表示此动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。

  现在分词完成时表示此动作在主句谓语动词之前发生。

  Entering the room, hesaw he. (几乎同时)

  Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. (分词动作在前)

  5.语态:

       现在分词一般时被动表动作正在被进行,完成时被动强调分词所表示的动作先被完成。

  The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.

  Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.(渔民先被告知而后驶向港口)

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