基础英语

英语基础语法知识

时间:2025-09-09 18:26:03 诗琳 基础英语 我要投稿

英语基础语法知识大全

  上学期间,大家都没少背知识点吧?知识点是指某个模块知识的重点、核心内容、关键部分。还在为没有系统的知识点而发愁吗?以下是小编帮大家整理的英语基础语法知识大全,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

英语基础语法知识大全

  英语基础语法知识 1

  a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)

  agree with sb 赞成某人

  all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样

  all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界

  along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : Iwill go along with you我将和你一起去

  the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树

  As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样

  as you can see 你是知道的

  ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book

  ask sb for sth 向某人什么

  ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事

  at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen

  at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始

  at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day

  at this time of year 在每年的这个时候

  be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信

  eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test

  be + doing 表: 现在进行时 将来时

  be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing

  be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing

  be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : Im afraed togo out at night Im afraid of dog

  be allowed to do 被允许做什么

  eg: Im allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowedto watch TV 我应该被允许看电视

  be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Dont be angry with me

  be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气

  be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : Sheis as tall as me 她和我一样高

  be ashamed to

  be away from 远离

  be away from 从……离开

  be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun isbad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好

  be born 出生于

  be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……

  be careful 当心;小心

  be different from…… 和什么不一样

  be famous for 以……著名

  befriendly to sb 对某人友好

  be from = come from 来自 eg :Heis from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come fromBejing ?

  be full of 装满……的 be filledwith 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass isfilled with water

  be glad+to+do/从句

  be going to + v(原) 将来时

  be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……

  be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good foryour English

  be happy to do 很高兴做某事

  be helpful to sb 对某人有好处

  eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处

  Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处

  be in good health 身体健康

  be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They arein tronble

  be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

  be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

  be the same as … 和什么一样

  be used to doing sth 习惯做某事

  eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He isused to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉

  be worth doing 值得做什么

  be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句

  because+句子 because of +短语

  eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache

  begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么

  eg : Lets begin the game with the song I begin to go home

  between…and… 两者之间

  borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西

  eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen

  both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同

  bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth

  eg : Im sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station

  我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站

  the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了

  Hes bothering me to lend him money

  by the end of 到……为止

  callsb sth eg : We call him old wang

  care 关心 eg : Dont you care about this countrysfuture ?你为什么不关心国家的未来

  catch up with sb 赶上某人

  chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地

  come in 进

  come over to 过来

  come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一个好办法吗?

  communicate with sb 和某人交流

  consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider goingto lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?

  dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : Shelikes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞

  decide to do sth 决定做某事

  do a survey of 做某方面的调查

  do better in 在……方面做得更好

  do wrong 做错

  Dont forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事

  Dont mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……

  each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书

  end up +doing

  enjoy +doing喜欢

  escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来

  expect to do sth 期待做某事

  fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来

  fall in love with sb/sth 爱上什么

  far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home

  find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样

  find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the bookinteresting

  finish 完成+doing(名词)

  fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人

  forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Dont forget to gohome I forget closing door

  from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: Fromme for her

  get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut我理了发(头发被剪了)

  Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)

  get a part-time job= find a part-time job

  get along well with sb = geton well with sb 与某人相处得好

  get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处

  getready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for mathI am ready for math

  get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦

  get sb to do sth

  get…from… 从某处得到某物

  give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall

  give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物

  go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳

  go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事

  go out away from go out of

  go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学)

  good way to 好方法

  hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的.事

  have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会

  have a talk 听报告谈一谈

  have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talkingYou have been sleeping since

  have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方have gone to …(地方) 去了某地还没回来

  have fun +doing 玩得高兴

  have sth to do 有什么事要做

  eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I havenothing to do 我没什么事情做

  have to do sth 必须做某事

  have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦

  have…time +doing

  have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假

  hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事

  be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到

  be like 像…… eg : Im like my mother

  be mad at 生某人的气

  be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)

  be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)

  be not sure 表不确定

  be on a visit to 参观

  be popular with sb 受某人欢迎

  be quiet 安静

  be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is shortfor 陶俊杰

  be sick in bed 生病在床

  be sorry to do sth be sorryfor sb eg : I am sorry for you

  be sorry to hear that

  be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you

  be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : Hes strict inobeying noles

  be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are notstrict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格

  be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格

  be supposed todo 被要求干什么

  be sure 表确定

  be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

  be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: Im sure of my head (myteacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)

  be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: Im suer that he canpass the test 我相信他能通过考试

  be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass thetest 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语

  be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……

  help a lot 很大用处

  help sb with sth \ones sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事

  hope to do sth 希望做某事

  How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)

  how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法

  if : 是否=wether

  eg: I dont know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会

  He dont know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达

  if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句

  eg: Ill go to LuZhou if it doest rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州

  If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的

  Ill go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国

  in ones opinion = sb think 某人认为

  in some ways 在某些方面

  in the end = finally(adv) 最后

  in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east东 )

  in the sun 在太阳下

  increase 增加

  eg : Theyve increased the prece of petrol by % 他们把石油价增加了%

  the population has increased from million ten years ago to million now

  instead of +(名 ) 代替

  eg: Id like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子

  I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学

  introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍

  invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

  It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间

  eg : It took me minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook

  Its +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样

  Its +adj +to do 做某事怎么样

  Its +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 Its +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样

  Its +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说) 做某事怎么样 Its +adj ofsb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样

  eg : Its nice of you to help me with my English

  Its a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意

  Its important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: Its important tome

  Its time to do sth Its time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间

  eg : Its time to have class Its time for class 该去上课了

  join = take part in 参加

  just now 刚才

  keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样?

  keep out 不让 …… 进入

  keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: Iwant to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康

  key to +名词 表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案

  key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙

  laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Dont langh at others Welanghed at the joke

  learn by oneslfe 自学

  learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from LeiFeng

  learn to do sth 学做某事

  let sb do sth 让某人做某事

  Let sb down 让某人失望 eg : Weshouldnt let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望

  live from :离某地远

  live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan

  look after = take care of 照顾 照看

  lose ones way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路

  英语基础语法知识 2

  句子的种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

  1. 凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或者表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句,它可以用肯定式和否定式,句末用句号".",通常用降调。

  掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。

  e.g. We live in Tianjin. (肯定句)我们住在天津。

  We dont live in Shanghai. (否定句)我们不住在上海。

  注意:(1)在一般现在时的肯定式中,主语是第三人称单数时,动词要改成第三人称单数形式。

  e.g. John studies Chinese very well.

  (2)一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要加助动词do (does), did.

  e.g. I dont like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。

  He doesnt have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午饭。

  They didnt play football yesterday. 他们昨天没有踢足球。

  2. 掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句要加助动词do(does), did.

  e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在学校你常讲英语吗?

  Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟吗?

  Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ?

  昨天晚上做作业花了你2个小时吗?

  What do you often do on Sundays ?

  星期日你常常干什么?

  When does your father get up every morning ?

  你父亲每天早晨几点钟起床?

  Why didnt your teacher come to school yesterday ?

  昨天你们的老师为什么没来学校呢?

  提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种,这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。结构是:"一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句",但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说明or前面部分用升调,后面部分用降调。

  e.g. Is her brother an artist or a doctor ?

  她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生?

  Would you like tea or coffee ?

  你愿意喝茶还是喝咖啡?

  Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday ?

  我们是周六还是周日去电影院?

  反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见,但没把握,希望对方来证实。

  注意反意疑问句的结构是:肯定的陈述句+否定的疑问句(缩略形式)

  或:否定的陈述句+肯定的疑问句(缩略形式)

  两部分的.人称和时态要一致。

  特别要注意否定的疑问句中的助动词必须缩写,主语(最后一个词)必须是代词而不能是名词。

  e.g. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai , hasnt she ?

  你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗?

  The boys didnt find anything , did they ?

  男孩子们什么也没找到/发现,是不是?

  在回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实而定,事实是肯定的要回答Yes , …,事实是否定的要回答No, ….

  e.g. He isnt going to the meeting , is he ?

  他不去参加会,是吗?

  Yes , he is . 不,他要去。

  No , he isnt. 是的/对,他不去。

  It didnt snow last week , did it ?

  上周没有下雪,对吗?

  Yes , it did. / No , it didnt. 不,下雪了。是的,没下雪。

  3. 掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句没有主语。指让对方做某事,动词要用原形。表示请求,命令、建议等。

  e.g. Go back to your seat , please. 请回到你的座位上去。

  Dont make so much noise. 不要吵吵闹闹。

  Lets go to school together ! 咱们一起上学去吧!

  (lets是含有第一人称主语的祈使句)

  Let him help the child. 让他帮助那个孩子。(let him是含有第三人称主语的祈使句)

  注意:否定形式是Lets (us , me)+not +动词原形

  e.g. Lets not say anything about it.

  对于这件事,咱们什么也不要说了。

  4. 表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句,理解由What和How引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法。How和What与所修饰的词放在句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。在口语中谓语常省略。

  (1)how作状语,修饰形容词,副词或动词

  结构:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语

  How nice the flowers are ! 花多漂亮啊!

  How hard he works ! 他工作的多努力啊!

  (2)what作宾语,修饰名词(名词前可有其他定语),单词可数名词前要加不定冠词a(an).

  结构:What a (an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语

  e.g. What a clever girl (she is )!

  她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊!

  What delicious food ! 多么好吃的食物啊!

  句子的类型可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

  简单句:The Simple Sentence由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。

  e.g. I get up at six thirty in the morning.

  My mother and I often go shopping.

  并列句:The Compound Sentence 由并列词and , so , but , or等)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。要掌握并列句的构成及用法。

  e.g. I help him and he helps me. 我帮他,他帮我。

  This is our first lesson , so I dont know all your names.

  这是我们的第一节课,所以我不认识你们。

  She likes bread and milk , but she doesnt like eggs at all.

  她喜欢吃面包和牛奶,但她一点儿也不喜欢吃鸡蛋。

  复合句:The Complex Sentence 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。

  e.g. If you are ill , you must see the doctor.

  如果你病了,一定要去看医生。(状语从句)

  I hope hes better tomorrow.

  我希望他明天身体更好一些。(宾语从句)

  熟练掌握宾语从句的语序及关联词that , if / whether , what , who , which , whose , when , what time , where , how 等的用法,以及宾语从句的时态。

  在复合句中作主句的宾语,叫宾语从句。

  注意:宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。

  e.g. I asked him if he was a student.

  宾语从句的时态呼应是:主句的时态是一般现在时,从句可以是任何一个时态。

  如果主句的时态是一般过去时,从句必须是过去时态的一种形式。

  当表示事实、真理、自然现象时必须用一般现在时。

  e.g. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.

  老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。

  请注意防止出现以下错误:

  A. They said that theyll leave if Peter stays.

  时态错误,应改为:They said that they would leave if Peter stayed.

  B. He asked why were you late for school.

  语序错误,应改为:He asked why you were late for school .

  C. Her brother asked me whose book this was ?

  标点错误,问号应该改为句号。

  熟练掌握由when , before , after , as soon as , until , because , than , if , so …that等词引导的时间、原因,比较,条件、结果状语从句。

  在复合句中修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等的从句叫作状语从句。

  时间状语从句:

  When she reached home , she had a short rest.

  当她到家时,她休息了一会儿。

  Judy had finished writing the book before she went to Queensland.

  朱娣在去昆士兰之前已经写完了那本书。

  I went to bed after I finished my article.

  我写完文章之后才上床。

  As soon as the bell rang the students, stopped talking to each other.

  铃声一响,学生们就停止了谈话。

  We wont leave until the headteacher comes back.

  班主任回来我们才会离开。

  原因状语从句:

  The children went to the farm , because the farmers needed some help.

  孩子们去农场是因为农民们需要帮忙。

  比较状语从句:Jim is older than Lucy is.

  吉姆比露西大。

  条件状语从句:

  If it rains tomorrow , we wont hold a sports meeting on the sportsground .

  如果明天下雨,我们就不在运动场上开运动会了。

  结果状语从句:

  The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.

  这个箱子太沉以致于我无法抬起来。

  目的状语从句:

  The headmaster spoke loudly so that all the students could hear what he said.

  校长高声讲话为的是全体学生能够听到他所讲的话。

  让步状语从句:

  Although he is young , he knows a lot of things.

  虽然他年龄小,但却认识许多事情。

  状语从句的时态要与主句时态相互呼应。但要注意以as soon as , when , until等引导的时间状语从句表示将来的动作时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

  e.g. He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.

  他一到美国就给我写信。

  When I see him , I will tell him this good news.

  当我见到他时,我将告诉他这个好消息。

  We wont leave until we finish our homework .

  直到完成作业我们才会离开。

  以if引导的条件状语从句假设的是将来的动作,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。

  e.g. He will come to see me if he has time. 如果条件状语从句放在宾语从句中,时态则依照宾语从句的要求而变。

  e.g. My mother said she would buy me a book if I studied hard.

  我母亲说如果我努力学习,她要给我买一本书。

  以because引导的原因状语从句不可能和so一起连用。

  e.g. He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.

  他昨天没来学校,因为他生病了。

  注意防止出现以下错误:

  A. Im sure hell ring you up if he will come back.

  从句时态错误,will come应该改为comes.

  B. Because he was tired , so he went to bed very early.

  中文习惯用"因为……所以……",但在英语中because不能和so同时使用,应该去掉其中的一个。

  英语基础语法知识 3

  1、 动词:行为动词、be动词、情态动词。

  (1)行为动词 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:

  (2)be动词

  a、Am--was Is --was Are--were

  口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。

  b、肯定和否定句

  I am (not) from London.

  He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long.

  Her eyes are(not) small.

  c、 一般疑问句

  Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

  Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they aren’t.

  Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

  is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。 was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。

  (3)情态动词 can、must、should、would、may。

  情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)

  2、 名词

  这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was。

  如何加后缀:

  a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

  e.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

  3、 形容词(包括副词)

  形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。

  形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。 未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。

  两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。

  4、 人称代词和物主代词

  人称代词: 有主格和宾格之分。 一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。 物主代词: 有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的) 一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的`);如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。

  5、 数量词

  我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。序数词的前面一般都加the。

  6、冠词

  有a、an、the。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。

【英语基础语法知识】相关文章:

英语基础语法知识07-28

关于语法的基础英语知识10-22

基础英语语法知识07-30

必备英语基础语法知识10-19

英语语法的基础知识05-24

英语时态的语法基础知识10-26

小学英语基础语法知识大全07-13

基础英语语法知识汇总04-24

英语语法基础知识08-07