托福阅读考试长难句分析

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托福阅读考试长难句分析

　　托福考试阅读长难句对大家来说简直是噩梦，要怎么分析这些恼人的长难句呢?大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语。下面是小编分享的托福阅读考试长难句分析，希望能帮到大家!

托福阅读考试长难句分析

　　托福阅读考试长难句分析 1

　　In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)

　　大家先自己理解，多想想，先别看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。

　　(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )

　　老邪分析：一个句子重点在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。以下主干为句子中红色部分，括号里均是修饰成分。

　　修饰一：(In order for the structure)，介词短语

　　修饰二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非谓语做形容词性修饰structure

　　修饰三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入语，插入语记得先跳过去，断句别出问题，that和have changed是在一起的。

　　(老师，啥叫插入语?嗯，好问题，改天我专门讲讲这些概念。上过课并认真听的.同学，你懂的。)

　　修饰四：(that have changed little sincepeople first discovered them.从句修饰support

　　修饰五：(even while building materials have changed dramatically. )，从句

　　括号外面的是主干：architectureemploys methods of support，注意support这里是名词。

　　已经拆成这么短了，你再试试看，应该能看懂了吧?其实在理解句子的时候比较容易犯错在于断句和语序，语序和中文有差异，下次我讲修饰成分的时候一并讲。

　　参考翻译：为了使结构达到必要的大小和强度去满足它的目的，建筑学上使用了一些支撑的方法，因为这些方法都是基于物理定律，所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大变化，这些方法却自人们发现它们以来就没有什么变化。

　　看明白之后，别只看一遍，给我看几十遍!!没事就拿出来欣赏欣赏，直到你想吐为止。

　　读书百遍，其义自现，阅读最强的就是阅读。嗯，特别好!

　　托福阅读考试长难句分析 2

　　世界本没有长难句，修饰成分多了，便有了长难句。

　　大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语。

　　今天我们来看这样一个句子：

　　Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, OG)

　　voluminous/vlmns/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 宽松的, 肥大的';

　　drapery/drepri/n.布料

　　wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔术师用的)魔杖

　　costume/kɑstum/ n. 服装, 服装式样

　　Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).

　　分析：

　　修饰一：(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore)，从句，修饰dance，大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)这里还有一个从句哦。

　　中文：专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色

　　修饰二：(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms)，从句，修饰前面skirts or draperies，其实是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…

　　中文：她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动

　　修饰三：(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes)，非谓语动词，修饰arms。主要这里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修饰wands

　　中文：有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长

　　主干：括号外面的，Fullerdevised a type of dance

　　参考翻译：Fuller设计了一种(专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色)的舞蹈，在舞蹈中，她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动，有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长。

　　这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

　　看明白之后，别只看一遍，给我看几十遍!!没事就拿出来欣赏欣赏，直到你想吐为止。

　　读书百遍，其义自现，阅读最强技巧的就是阅读。

　　托福阅读考试长难句分析 3

　　一、复合句分析

　　1. 定语从句嵌套

　　例句：The heat generated by the impact of a meteorite with the Earth, which can be calculated based on the size and speed of the meteorite, can cause widespread destruction in the area of impact and potentially trigger global climate changes.

　　分析：句子主干为 “The heat can cause widespread destruction and potentially trigger global climate changes” ，“generated by the impact of a meteorite with the Earth” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “the heat”；“which can be calculated based on the size and speed of the meteorite” 是定语从句，同样修饰 “the heat”，解释热量可通过陨石大小和速度计算。阅读时，先找到主干把握核心意思，再梳理修饰成分，明确其与主干的关系。

　　2. 名词性从句

　　例句：What scientists have discovered is that the ancient civilization in this region had a highly developed system of agriculture, which allowed them to sustain a large population and build complex urban structures.

　　分析：“What scientists have discovered” 是主语从句，作整个句子的主语；“that the ancient civilization in this region had a highly developed system of agriculture” 是表语从句，解释科学家发现的内容；“which allowed them to sustain a large population and build complex urban structures” 是定语从句，修饰 “a highly developed system of agriculture”。分析此类句子，要清晰分辨不同从句在句中的语法功能，从而理解句子完整含义。

　　二、倒装句与强调句

　　1. 倒装句

　　例句：Only when the environmental conditions are just right, with sufficient sunlight, water, and nutrients, do certain plants begin the process of flowering and producing seeds.

　　分析：正常语序应为 “Certain plants begin the process of flowering and producing seeds only when the environmental conditions are just right, with sufficient sunlight, water, and nutrients” 。此句为 “Only + 状语从句” 位于句首引起的倒装，目的是强调 “when the environmental conditions are just right” 这一条件。分析时，需将语序还原，以理解句子原本的主谓宾结构和逻辑关系。

　　2. 强调句

　　例句：It was the invention of the printing press in the 15th century that significantly increased the availability of books and thus accelerated the spread of knowledge across Europe.

　　分析：这是典型的强调句 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”，强调 “the invention of the printing press in the 15th century”。去掉 “It was...that” 后，句子依然完整：“The invention of the printing press in the 15th century significantly increased the availability of books and thus accelerated the spread of knowledge across Europe”。识别强调句结构，能快速抓住句子强调的核心内容。

　　三、分词短语与插入语

　　1. 分词短语

　　例句：Using advanced satellite imagery and geological surveys, researchers have identified several areas beneath the ocean floor that may contain vast reserves of valuable minerals, offering new possibilities for future resource extraction.

　　分析：“Using advanced satellite imagery and geological surveys” 是现在分词短语作方式状语，表明研究者获取信息的方式；“offering new possibilities for future resource extraction” 是现在分词短语作结果状语，说明发现蕴含矿物区域的`影响。阅读时，要明确分词短语的语法功能，将其与句子主干合理衔接。

　　2. 插入语

　　例句：The new theory, which challenges many traditional beliefs in the field of astronomy, especially those related to the formation of galaxies, suggests that dark matter plays a more significant role in the universes structure than previously thought.

　　分析：“which challenges many traditional beliefs in the field of astronomy, especially those related to the formation of galaxies” 是插入语（定语从句形式），补充说明 “the new theory”。插入语会打断句子连贯性，分析时可先跳过，理解句子主干 “The new theory suggests that dark matter plays a more significant role in the universes structure than previously thought”，再回头看插入语的内容。

　　通过对托福阅读中长难句的系统分析，掌握不同句子类型的特点和破解方法，能有效提升阅读效率和对文章的理解深度。在备考过程中，建议多进行长难句专项练习，通过实际分析巩固技巧，为托福阅读取得高分奠定坚实基础。

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