托福阅读的基本素养
阅读分为三种境界，第一种是读懂文章中的字面的意思，一方面指把握单词和句子(尤其是长难句)的'意思，另一方面，读清楚说的是什么，而不是等老师讲解之后才感叹“我第一遍不小心看错了”，第二种境界是句子与句子之间，上下文联系起来看，读清楚段落内的结构和段落间的结构，第三种境界是不仅把握了文章的内容，而且掌握了作者的态度和想法，可以做出各种推论。一般来说，托福阅读很少考到第三种层次，一般只需达到第二层即可。我们可以来看一道经典的托福阅读真题。
【第一层】
Just as significant were changes in thegeopolitics of the Mediterranean world. The decline of the Byzantine Empire,which had dominated the eastern Mediterranean, meant the interruption of traderoutes to central and eastern Asia. The rise of new political powers signaled anew era in Mediterranean connections, one in which religious loyalty and ethnicfidelity mattered more than commercial ties. Consequently themovement of goods and services between east and west began to slow. Europeaninterest in circumnavigating Africa and exploring westward into the AtlanticOcean, in fact, originated in the desire into the trade with eastern Asia thathad long sustained Europe’s economic growth.
4. In paragraph 2, the author implies that Byzantine Empire
A. allowed international trade from whichEurope benefited
B. became a dominated force during thefourteenth century
C. centered its rule on religion and ethnicties
D. interrupted trade routes to Asia thathad already been established
答案：【此题并不难，但比较典型，请先思考一下，然后再往下拉，可以诊断一部分同学的典型问题】
答案选A。请注意The decline of the Byzantine Empire,which had dominated the eastern Mediterranean, meant the interruption of traderoutes to central and eastern Asia中的decline和interruption，interruption表示之前有之后无，答案不言自明，没有选择A的同学是原文没有读清楚，第一层次尚未达到。
【第二层】
paragraph 2
Geologists working during the nineteenth century understood rock bodies, they would have to concentrate on natural processes that continue at a constant rate and that also leave some sort of tangible record in the rocks. Evolution is one such process, and geologist Charles Lyell (1797-1875) recognized this. BY comparing the amount of evolution exhibited by marine mollusks then, Lyell estimated that 80 million years had elapsed since the beginning of the Tertiary Period. He came astonishingly close to the mark, since it was actually about 65 million years. However, for older sequence of evolutionary development, estimates based on parts in the fossil record. Rates of evolution for many orders of plants and animals were not well understood.
2. It can be inferred form paragraph 2 that Charles Lyell based his study of the marine mollusk fossils on which of the following assumptions?
A. The Tertiary Period was separated into division of time that were equal in length.
B. Mollusks lived under rocks in the sea during the Tertiary period.
C. Evolution of mollusks proceeded at a uniform rate over time
D. Mollusks have evolved less rapidly with the passing of time
答案：【此题并不难，但比较典型，请先思考一下，然后再往下拉，可以诊断一部分同学的典型问题】
许多同学读到Evolution is one such process，没有意识到such process是指前一句所说的natural processes that continue at a constant rate and that also leave some sort of tangible record in the rocks，所以such process是满足continue at a constant rate和留下痕迹与continue at a constant rate and that also leave some sort of tangible record in the rocks。后面举了Evolution of mollusks的例子，比如也满足continue at a constant rate-匀速进行，故C正确。
如何运用论点-论据理论来指导和帮助我们做题，将在四箭齐发真题班课上用真题进行讲解。现在报名真题班还送真题班讲义，有对托福词汇与长难句的梳理与总结。
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