雅思阅读：NOT GIVEN的判断标准解析

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　　对于雅思考试中的判断题，很多同学都是一头雾水，傻傻分不清楚，尤其是对于FALSE（错误）和 NOT GIVEN（未提及）的这种题目，更是不知道如何判断。下面给大家分享雅思阅读：NOT GIVEN的判断标准解析，一起来看看吧！

雅思阅读：NOT GIVEN的判断标准解析

　　我们来看看NOT GIVEN的判断标准：所需判断的陈述句中在没有错误的前提之下，至少有一个考点词汇文章没有提到相关内容。从表述中可以看出，被判断的命题中，首先不能有错误的成分存在，因为只要出现了错误点，那么该命题就是FALSE/NO了。只有在没有错误点出现的情况下，至少有一个考点文章中没有提到，那么该命题就可以被判断为NOT GIVEN。而在考试中，有一种NOT GIVEN情况很好判断，就是全文没有找到相关内容，那么就可以直接下结论了。看看下面的例子：Academic Test 1

　　Reading Passage 1

　　题干：Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction.

　　原文：More girls(70%) than boys(60%) raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats…more girls(13%) than boys(5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats.

　　分析：从原文的表达中可以找到题干的部分信息Girls are more likely than boys，但是后半部分信息在文章中没有出现，所以该命题为NOT GIVEN。

　　题干：A second study has been planned to investigate primary school children’s ideas about rainforests.

　　原文：One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children…

　　分析：从题干和原文的表述中可以看出，二者并不存在对应关系，所以答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　Academic Test 2

　　Reading Passage 2

　　21.

　　题干：Alternative therapists earn higher salaries than doctors.

　　原文：Part of the incentive was financial, Dr. Laver said.The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.

　　分析：题干中的关键点在于中医的工资比其他医生要高，而原文只陈述了从事中医这一行的人很多是商人，他们为了能留住顾客，也想提供同样的服务，但并不能得出结论说中医就比其他医生工资高的结论，二者表述不相关，答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　Academic Test 3

　　Reading Passage 1

　　10.

　　题干：In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from S.K.I.

　　原文：There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program……

　　分析：题干中提到家庭需要获得财政资助，但是文章中只是谈到说能有父母或者监护人的参与会有很多好处，并没有提到说家庭需要财政资助的问题，二者并不相关，所以为NOT GIVEN。

　　从这些例子中可以看出，在判断中，只要命题中没有错误信息出现，而同时又有考点在文章中找不到匹配的信息，那么该命题的答案就是NOT GIVEN。

　　雅思阅读：NOT GIVEN的判断标准例题

　　Reading Procedures 阅读步骤：

　　Step 1: 在题目中划出定位词。

　　Step 2: 定位词在文章中定位。

　　Step 3: 若定位词在文章中无法定位，则看有无同义转换，若无同义转换，那么确定答案是Not Given。若在文章中可以定位题目中的定位词，那就要看一下几个方面来确定是Not Given：

　　1．题目中有比较结构，在文章中出现此结构，但是比较的对象不同

　　2．题目中用情态动词表示对未来的预测或者展望，而在文章中没有提及

　　3．题目中有的相关修饰词（即考点词）在文章中没有相关的同义词的解释对应

　　4．在文章中出现过题目中的定位词，但是通过结构多样性的比较，两者是没有关系的。

　　Example:

　　题目：The parents of top athletes have often been successful athletes themselves.

　　文章：No one theory can explain improvements in performance, but the most important factor has been genetics. The athletes must choose his parents carefully.

　　5. 时间对应信息不一致，导致主体信息无法判断

　　Example:

　　题目：There was little improvement in athletic performance before the twentieth century.

　　文章：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects...

　　除了以上这些方面之外，还有一些内容学要掌握以确定是否是Not Given。

　　Ⅰ. 题目中有比较结构，文章中无比较结构则答案判断为Not Given。

　　例一：

　　原文: And the future? It is anticipated that, in the years to come, leisure spending will account for between a third to a half of all household spending, whilst it is difficult to give exact figures, the leisure industry will certainly experience a long period of sustained growth.

　　题目: In future, people will pay less for the leisure facilities they use than they do today.

　　分析：

　　第一步：确定题目中的定位词和考点词（关键词）。本题中的定位词是leisure。另外，考点词是pay和一个表示比较结构less...than。

　　第二步：定位词到原文中定位。Leisure在原文中出现了两次。Pay这个词在原文中出现了词性转换和同义转换，成为了另外一个词：spending。

　　第三步：原文中定位另外一个关键信息：比较结构。但是原文中并没有出现此结构因此确定答案是Not Given。

　　例二：

　　原文: Healthcare providers diagnose insomnia in several ways. One way is to categorize insomnia by how often it occurs. Another way is to identify the insomnia by what is causing the sleep deprivation. The two main types of insomnia have been described as Primary Insomnia and Secondary Insomnia. Primary Insomnia is a chronic condition with little apparent association with stress or a medical problem. The most common form of primary insomnia is psychophysiological insomnia. Secondary insomnia is caused by symptoms that accompany a medical condition such as anxiety, depression or pain.

　　题目: Secondary insomnia is far more common than Primary insomnia.

　　分析：

　　第一步：确定题目中的定位词。定位词是两个专有名词Secondary insomnia和Primary insomnia。而本题的关键词则是far more common than的比较结构。

　　第二步：定位词到原文中定位。文章中两次出现了以上两个专有名词。

　　第三步：原文中定位另外一个关键信息：比较结构。但是原文中并没有出现此结构因此确定答案是Not Given。

　　Ⅱ. 题目中有表示因果关系的表达方式，而原文中并没有此表述或相似结构，则答案判断为Not Given。

　　例：

　　原文: Working hours are not expected to decrease, partly because the 24-hour society will need to be serviced; and secondly, because more people will be needed to keep the service/leisure industries running. In the coming decades, the pace of change will accelerate generating greater wealth at a faster rate than ever before. Surveys show that this is already happening in many parts of Europe. The south-east of England, for example, is now supposedly the richest area in the EEC. The "leisure pound" is one of the driving forces behind this surge.

　　题目：The 24-hour society will have a negative effect on peoples attitudes to work.

　　分析：

　　第一步：确定题目中的定位词。本题是明显的数字定位。24-hour society是明显的定位词。而本题中的关键词或考点词是表示结果的一个短语have a negative effect on。另外一个定位词是attitudes to work。

　　第二步：定位词到原文中定位。24-hour society出现在原文的第一句。但是原文中无法定位任何表示因果关系的词组。而且通过浏览原文也无法搜索到有关peoples attitudes to work的信息。

　　因此，可以判断本题的答案是Not Given。

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