雅思英语材料带翻译
雅思考试分为两种类型，分别是学术类(A类)和培训类(G类)。学术类雅思考试评估考生的英语水平是否满足申请本科及研究生及以上学位的要求，适合准备出国留学的同学。为了帮助大家备考雅思，小编分享了一些英语阅读材料，欢迎阅读!
动物的适应能力
Adaptations are the special features that help an animal live and survive in certain places or habitats. There are three kinds of animal adaptations: Behavioral, Physical, and Life Cycle.
适应能力可以使动物在特定环境或栖息地生活。动物适应能力可分为三种：行为，外形和生命周期。
A behavioral adaptation is something an organism does, a behavior it performs to help it survive. A common animal adaptation is migration, when animals travel to a different place so it can find food and survive. Migration usually takes place in the winter.
行为适应是指某一有机体采取的用于帮助它生存的行为。常见的是动物迁徙。动物迁徙到一个不同的地方从而找到食物进而生存。迁徙通常发生在冬季。
Sounds animals make for different reasons are behavioral adaptations. Bird calls are an example. It is a behavior the bird does to communicate to other birds. A lion humming is a behavior a lion does when it is content. They grunt when they move from one area to another. Female lions roar to protect the young, and male lions roar to display strength. Roaring is also a method of communication.
不同的情况下动物发出不同的声音。鸟叫就是一个例子。它是鸟传将信息达给其他鸟类的一种行为。当狮子感到满足的时候会发出哼哼声。当它们从一个区域移动到另一个区域时会发出咕噜声。母狮子通过咆哮来保护幼师，而雄狮怒吼以显示实力。咆哮也是一种沟通方法。
The movements animals make are behavioral adaptations. Bats are nocturnal animals, so flying is very tiring for them during the day. It is easier for them to fly at night when it is cooler. Raccoons like to come out only at night, too, and are not seen very often. There are less predators at night.
动物的活动也是行为适应。蝙蝠是夜行性动物，所以白天的飞行是对它们而言非常疲劳。凉爽的夜间飞行对它们来说更加适宜。浣熊喜欢晚上活动，所以我们也不常见到它们。并且，晚上的天敌更少。
The interactions between animals can also be behavioral adaptations. The honey bee dance is a behavioral adaptation that attracts a honey bee to its mate. Honey bees also learn from other bees how to pollinate flowers and collect honey. The dance helps communicate information about food to other bees. A monkey removing parasites from another monkey's head is an example of an interaction.
动物之间的互动也可以看作行为适应。蜜蜂跳舞是吸引其它蜜蜂的一种行为适应。蜜蜂也通过舞蹈向其他蜜蜂学习如何授粉和采集蜂蜜。舞蹈有助于将食品的信息传递给其他蜜蜂。猴子将另一只猴子的头部的寄生虫取出也是是一个互动的例子。
A physical adaptation is a physical part of an organism that helps it survive. The fur on a bear is an example, because it is part of the bear's body structure and helps keep it warm during cold weather.
外形适应是有机体外形帮助它生存。熊的皮毛就是一个例子。熊皮作为熊身体结构的一部分，有助于其在寒冷的天气里保持体温。
The beak of a bird and the blue jay's color are both part of their bodies, helping them to survive. The ostrich has many thick feathers helping the ostrich look bigger to scare away predators. The ostrich also has a large mouth it uses to fight predators like cheetahs.
冠蓝鸦如同鸟一般的喙和其颜色是帮助它们生存的两个组成部分。鸵鸟有许多丰厚的羽毛厚使其看起来更大从而吓跑掠食者。鸵鸟也有一个大嘴巴用来与猎豹之类的捕食者搏击。
Prairie dogs have many adaptations like sharp claws to help it dig their burrows. They have sharp hearing so they can hear if a predator is coming. Prairie Dogs have whiskers that they use for balance so when they walk they won't fall over. The thick, dense coats of a sloth help keep them dry during the rainy season. They also have very sharp teeth to help defend themselves. Many fish have color patterns that help them blend in with their environment. This may allow the fish to avoid being seen by a predator.
土拨鼠有很多此类的外形的适应，比如锋利的爪子用来挖洞穴。它们有敏锐的听力，使它们能听到捕食者靠近的声音。草原土拨鼠的胡须还能让它们在行走的时候保持平衡而不至于摔倒。树懒厚而紧实的皮肤让它们在雨季的时候保持干燥。它们也有非常锋利的牙齿以保护自己。许多鱼类有彩色纹路用来帮助它们与所处环境融为一体。这可能让鱼避免被捕食者看见。
A life cycle adaptation is a process an animal goes through to help it survive. Before becoming a frog, the tadpole first hatched from an egg, which was laid by an adult frog. Atlantic salmon spend their early phase in rivers before traveling or migrating to sea to grow and mature. To complete their life cycle they must return to their river of origin to release new eggs. Butterflies go through four stages of life. They start out as eggs, change into a caterpillar, then a pupa, and finally an adult butterfly. All are examples of life cycle adaptations.
动物经过生命周期适应的过程以帮助其生存。成为一只青蛙之前，蝌蚪首先从由成年青蛙产下的卵孵化而成。大西洋鲑鱼在游到海洋成长之前是河流度过生命初期。为了完成其生命周期，它们必须返回母亲河产卵。蝴蝶的生命经历四个阶段。它们开始是虫卵，变化成毛毛虫，然后蛹，最后一个成年的蝴蝶。这些都是生命周期适应的例子。
In summary, whether it is a physical, behavioral, or life cycle adaptation, the environment an animal lives usually has an effect on the adaptation. All of the adaptations help an animal survive, scare off predators, or communicating with others.
无论是外形的，行为，或生命周期的适应，动物生存的坏境影响其适应。所有适应都有助动物生存，吓跑掠食者，或与同物种进行沟通。
呼吸系统
The respiratory system of the human body is responsible for the distribution of the air inhaled and exhaled throughout a person's life. The respiratory system includes the nose, throat, voice box, wind pipe, and lungs.
人体的呼吸系统负责人一生吸入和呼出空气的气体交换。呼吸系统包括鼻、喉咙、喉头、气管和肺。
Each time a person inhales, or breathes in air, several kinds of gases enter the body. The most important is oxygen because it keeps a person alive, and the cells of the body need it for energy and growth. The air enters through the nose and mouth and the lungs fill up and then empty out. When the air is inhaled there are tiny hairs in the nose called cilia that filter the air. The air is also warmed and moistened as it travels through the nose. Cilia also protects other parts of the respiratory passages, filtering out dust and other particles.
每次人体吸入空气，会有几种气体的进入人体。最重要的是氧气，因为它是人的生存需要氧气，并且人体细胞需要氧气用于制造能量和生长。空气通过鼻子和嘴进入，填满肺部，然后排空。当空气被吸入时，鼻子内的纤毛过滤空气。鼻腔同样也温润了吸入的空气。而且鼻毛还过滤掉了吸入的灰尘和其他颗粒。
The inhaled air travels through the windpipe, which is called the trachea. The human body contains two lungs. The lungs are pink, mushy, and like a sponge. The lungs are protected by the rib cage and keeps them protected and safe. The lung on the left side of the body is smaller than the right lung, which allows room for a person's heart. Beneath the lungs is a muscle called the diaphragm. It works with the lungs to allow a person to inhale and exhale. When a person breathes in the diaphragm shrinks and levels out as the lungs fill up with air.
吸入的空气穿过气管。人体有两叶肺。肺是粉红色的糊状体，像海绵一样。肺部由肋笼保护。人体左侧的肺比右肺更小，因为左侧的心脏同样需要空间。肺的下部是膈肌。它与肺部协同工作使人体进行吸气和呼气。当一个人的吸气，膈肌收缩，肺部充满空气。
The end of the trachea is located between the two lungs. At the bottom of the trachea are a couple of large tubes called bronchi. The bronchi lead into the lungs. One tube sends air into the left lung, and the other tube sends air into the right lung.
气管的.尾部在两肺之间。在气管的底部有几个大的管道成为支气管。支气管与肺部直接相连。一个支气管使空气进入左肺和另一支气管使空气进入右肺。
Once the air travels through the bronchi, it will branch off into smaller tubes called bronchioles. The bronchioles are about the thickness of a hair, and there are about 30,000 in each lung. From the bronchioles the air then continues its journey to tiny air sacs located throughout the lungs. The tiny air sacs are called alveoli.
空气进入支气管后，它将岔开成更小的细支气管。细支气管约为与头发粗细相当，每个肺约有30,000个细支气管。进入细支气管空气再继续穿过遍布肺部的微小气囊。而微小气囊被称为肺泡。
The 600 million alveoli are covered with very tiny blood vessels called capillaries. It is in this area of the lungs between the alveoli and capillaries the exchange of air takes place. Alveoli allow the air to pass into the blood cells of the body, first traveling through the heart carried by red blood cells. The oxygen enters the blood through the tiny capillaries. The heart then takes the blood filled with oxygen and sends it out to all the cells of the body.
6亿个肺泡上都覆盖着非常微小的血管称为毛细血管。肺泡与肺泡之间以及毛细血管之间发生的便是肺部的空气交换。肺泡让空气进入人体血细胞，首先就是通过红血细胞将空气运送到心脏。氧气通过毛细血管进入血液。然后心脏吸收充满氧气的血液并将其运输到到身体的所有细胞中。
When a person exhales or breathes out everything will happen in reverse. The diaphragm relaxes and the lungs become smaller. The cells in the body have received the oxygen it needs, but carbon dioxide must leave the body. This time, wastes enter the alveoli through the capillaries, back through the bronchioles and bronchi, and then the trachea and out through the nose and mouth. The air is warm because it heats up as it travels through the body.
当一个人呼气或吐气则一切相反。隔膜松弛，肺部变小。体内的细胞已接收其所需的氧气，但二氧化碳必须排出身体。此时，废物通过毛细血管进入肺泡，并回到细支气管和支气管，然后通过气管、鼻子和嘴排除。呼出的空气因为穿过体内而变得温暖。
Finally, the lungs are also important for talking. The larynx is located above the trachea, which is often called the voice box. Vocal cords across the larynx open and close, and then vibrate, to create the sounds as air flows between them. The amount of air exhaled determines the loudness of a sound.
最后，肺部对于发声也很重要。喉位于气管，这一部分也被称为喉头。喉头的开合以及声带的振动使得其间的空气以及人体发声。呼出的空气的量决定了声音的响度。
In summary, there are many parts of the respiratory system working together to distribute oxygen throughout the body, as well as the lungs being necessary for a person's ability to talk. It is important to keep the lungs healthy and strong.
呼吸系统是许多器官协同作用将氧气分散到身体的各个部分，而肺也是一个人发声的重要器官。保证肺部的健康和强大是非常重要的。
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