专四

专四情态助动词考点

时间:2024-10-27 16:50:07 专四 我要投稿
  • 相关推荐

2018专四情态助动词考点

  英语专业四级语法是2018英语专业四级考试考生复习初期首先要打好基础的部分,因为英语语法贯穿于整个英语专四考试中,尤其是应用于专四完形填空及专四语言知识题型,下面应届毕业生考试网小编为大家介绍的2018专四情态助动词考点,欢迎阅读。

  ❖ 主要情态助动词的用法(can/could, may/might, will/would, shall, should, must, need, dare)

  ❖ 情态动词+have+过去分词

  1) can和could的用法

  1. 表示能力,如: Can you finish this work tonight?

  2. 理论上的可能性,但未必马上发生。“有时候会”

  Man cannot live without air. My sister can be really stubborn.

  3. 表示请求和允许。 — Can I go now? — Yes, you can.

  注意:①could也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can(即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。如: Could I come to see you tomorrow?

  Yes, you can. (否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.) ②can表示能力时,还可用be able to代替。如: I'll not be able to come this afternoon.

  4. can表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度,是一种推测.(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句) Could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句

  Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him.

  5. “can + have done” 用于否定句、疑问句表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。 “could + have done”可用于各种句型。如: He cannot have been to that town. Can he have got the book? 6. 特殊句式

  (1) can not / can never too…或cannot…enough “再……也不过分,越……越好” One can’t be too careful. = One can’t be careful enough.

  (2)can’t help doing / can’t help but do禁不住,不由得 (3)Can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做某事 (4) can’t/couldn’t + 比较级=最高级

  2) may和might的用法 1. 表示许可。 表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时要用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如: You may drive the car.

  — Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.

  用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。

  肯定回答用Yes, you may./Yes, please./Certainly./Sure, go ahead. 否定回答用No, you mustn’t./No, you’d better not.

  2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May+主语+动词原形

  如: May you succeed!

  3. 表示推测,一般不用于疑问句。might的可能性比may小。 He may be very busy now.

  4. “may(might) + have done”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如: He may not have finished the work.

  5. may / might as well +动词原形 “不妨,不如” You may / might as well go to see a doctor.

  3) must和have to的用法 1. 表示必须、必要。如: You must come in time. 回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to。 — Must we hand in our exercise books today? — Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)

  2. must表示命令或强制,用于否定句的mustn't表示说话人不许或禁止(某人做某事)。例如:You must do as you are told. 你必须遵嘱行事。

  You mustn't move any of the papers on my desk. 你不许动我办公桌上的任何文件。 —May I borrow this book? 我可以借这本书吗? —No,you mustn't. 不,不可以。

  3. must表示“偏要”, “非要”

  Must you make so much noise? 你偏要弄出那么多噪音吗? Of course,after I gave her advice, she must go and do the opposite. 当然,在我劝了她以后,她非要做相反的事不可。

  4. must表示推测,只用于肯定句。它的否定或疑问式用can /could代替must。 This must be your pen.

  5. “must + have + done”的结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can/could代替must。 He must have been to Shanghai. 含Must的反义疑问句:

  A.must表示“应该”,其疑问部分用mustn't(不应该),如:

  You must work hard next term, mustn't you ? 下学期你应该努力学习,对吗? B.must表示“必须”,其疑问部分用needn't(不必),如:

  They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗? C.陈述部分含情态动词mustn't,表示禁止时,疑问部分就可以用must或may,如: You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗? D.must表示推测 ,其疑问部分必须与must 后面的主要动词相呼应。如: ①对现在动作或存在的情况的推测 :

  You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you? 你一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是? That must be your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床,是吗? ②对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测:

  (一)句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时疑问部分中的动词就用 现在完成时。(haven’t / hasn’t + 主语)

  You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗? (二)陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语,疑问部分的动词就用 一般过去时。(didn’t + 主语)

  She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了,是吗? 6. have to的含义与must相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但have to有各种形式,随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同:

  ① must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。如: The play is not interesting. I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age.

  ② 二者的否定意义不大相同。如:

  You mustn't go. 你可不要去。 You don't have to go. 你不必去。 ③ 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如: Must I clean all the room?

  4) dare和need的用法

  1. need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如: You needn’t come so early.

  — Need I finish the work today? — Yes, you must.

  注意:needn't +完成式“表示本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。如: You needn't have waited for me.

  2. Dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。有过去时dared。如:How dare you say I'm unfair. He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

  3. Dare和need可作实义动词,用于各种句型,有时态、人称和数的变化,所不同的是,作实义动词时,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如:

  I dare to swim across this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Don't you dare (to) touch it! He needs to finish it this evening.

  5) shall和should的用法

  Shall(1)用于第一人称的陈述句,表示将来。如: I shall come tomorrow.

  (2). Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如: Shall we begin our lesson?

  When shall he be able to leave the hospital?

  (3). Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如: You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告)

  He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺) He shall be punished. (威胁) (4)应该,应当.用于条约,规定,规章等文件中,表示一种义务,多用于第三人称中。 He shall have the right to own the house according to the law.(法律条文) ---Can I pay the bill by check?

  ---Sorry, sir. But it's the management rules of our hotel that payment shall be made in cash.(规章制度)

  Should (1)表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to。如:

  You should go to class right away. Should I open the window?

  (2) should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。

  ① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。 ② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞错了。

  (3)Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成,主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如:

  ① If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请通知我们。 ② Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间,我就来。

  (4)此外,Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如:

  ① Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚? ②— Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里? — How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢?

  ③ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这事是我干的。

  (5). Should 表示推测,按常理,按惯例应该. 如。 They should arrive by 10 o’clock. . “should /ought to+ have done”表示本应该做而实际上没有做,包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如: She should have finished it. I should have helped her, but I never could.

  6) will和would的用法

  1. 表示请求、建议等,“Will/Would you „.” would比will委婉客气。如: Would you pass me the book?

  2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。如:

  I will never do that again. They asked if we would do that again.

  3. will表示习惯和倾向性。 will表示现在的习惯,would表示过去的习惯,此时的意义接近used to 如:

  Oil will float on water. 油总是浮在水上。 This window won’t open. 这扇窗户经常打不开。 The wound would not heal. (过去伤口老不愈合。 would与used to的区别:

  1)used to强调今昔对比(过去这样,现已不是这样);would只是回顾过去,常与often, frequently,sometimes, always, for hours,on Sundays等表频率的词连用。

  2)would只能表示过去习惯性的动作,而used to 既可表示动作,也可表示状态 4. will表示对目前情况的推测,主要用于第二、三人称。如: This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now.

  7) ought to的用法

  1. Ought to表示应该。如: You ought to take care of him.

  2. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别: He must be at home by now. (断定他已到家) He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)

  3. “ought to + have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如: You ought to have asked him (but you didn't). 这时,ought to和should可以互相换用。

  8) used to,had better,would rather的用法

  1. Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变。如: He told us he used to play football when he was young.

  在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式: 疑问句 Did you use to go to the same school as your brother? Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句 I usedn't to go there. I didn't use to go there.

  Usedn't 亦可拼作usen't,但发音皆为[ju:znt]。

  否定疑问句 Usen't you to be interested in the theatre? Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre? 强调句 I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago. I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago. 其反意疑问句或简略回答中,也有两种形式:

  She used to be very fat, didn't she? (正式)/ use(d)n't she? (口语) Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did.

  Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.) 2. Had better意为“最好”,后接不带to的不定式。如: — We had better go now.

  — Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better).

  Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)

  I think I'd better be going. (用于进行时态,表“最好立即”) You had better have done that. (用于完成时态,表未完成动作) 注:①had best与had better同意,但较少用

  ②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈,对长辈不可用。

  3. Would rather意为“宁愿”,表选择,后接不带to的不定式。如: I'd rather not say anything. Would you rather work on a farm? — Wouldn't you rather stay here? — No, I would not. I'd rather go there. 由于would rather表选择,因而后可接than。如: I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I'd rather you didn't talk about this to anyone.

  9)情态动词+have done(陈述过去)

  must have done (肯) 定/肯定做过某事 may have done (肯,否) 可能做过某事 might have done (肯,否) 本能够做某事却未做 可能做过某事

  can have done (否,疑问) 可能做过某事 could have done (肯,否,疑问 本能够做某事却未做 /

  可能做过某事

  should / ought to have done 本应该做某事却未做 needn’t have done 本没必要做某事却做了

  10)情态动词表推测

  1 表示肯定的猜测时,各情态动词语气强弱如下: 最强——must(一定) will (很有可能) would(很有可能)

  ought to(应该,很有可能) should(应该,很有可能) can(可能) could(可能) may(可能)

  最弱——might(可能)

  2 表示否定的猜测时can't / couldn't语气最强,指“不可能”;may / might not语气最弱,意思是“可能不”。

  3 一些情态动词表猜测时的用法限制。 must只用于肯定句;

  may/ might一般不用于疑问句;

  could可用于各种句式;而can多用于否定句、疑问句,用于肯定句时,多指“客观可能性”。 Lightning can be very dangerous.闪电可能会非常危险。 4. 把握题干猜测语气的强弱。

  题干中如果有客观依据,应该选择猜测语气最强的情态动词;如果没有客观依据,则应选择猜测语气最弱的情态动词。如:

  —Are you coming to Jeff's party?

  —I'm not sure. I ________go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D.might

【专四情态助动词考点】相关文章:

专四英语情态动词语法考点07-06

大学英语专四词汇考点复习11-06

英语专四非谓语动词考点辅导09-01

专四英语语法考点专题训练07-29

专四英语考试听力综合考点练习08-26

教师招聘知识:英语情态动词考点分析06-10

2017年高考英语考点专项训练:情态动词10-21

最新专四英语考试语言知识考点试题及答案10-18

英语专四专八报考须知09-25

轻松记忆专四专八单词的方法10-28