2018年英语专八阅读试题辅导附答案

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2018年英语专八阅读试题辅导附答案

　　A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.

　　Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.

　　Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.

　　Of the many values that hold civilization together -- honesty, kindness, and so on -- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law -- and, ultimately, no society.

　　My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.

　　Fortunately there are still communities -- smaller towns, usually -- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated -- they simply are not done!”

　　Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.

　　The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.

　　I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.

　　We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

　　习题

　　1. What the wise man said suggests that ________.

　　[A] it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil

　　[B] it’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it

　　[C] it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil

　　[D] it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil

　　2. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, ________.

　　[A] society is to be held responsible

　　[B] modern civilization is responsible for it

　　[C] the criminal himself should bear the blame

　　[D] the standards of living should be improved

　　3. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have ________.

　　[A] less self-discipline

　　[B] better sense of discipline

　　[C] more mutual respect

　　[D] less effective government

　　4. The writer is sorry to have noticed that ________.

　　[A] people in large cities tend to excuse criminals

　　[B] people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards

　　[C] today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty

　　[D] people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities

　　5. The key point of the passage is that ________.

　　[A] stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families

　　[B] more good examples should be set for people to follow

　　[C] more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior

　　[D] more people should accept the value of accountability

　　全文翻译

　　一位智者曾说过，邪恶的胜利就是善良之人无所作为。所以，所为一名警察，我有一些话急需告诉善良的人们。

　　日复一日，我和我的同事尽力控制犯罪的蔓延。我们曾经引以为荣的美国生活方式出现了可怕的问题。这个问题处在我们的价值观方面。一个关键的成分正在消失，我想，我知道它是什么——责任感。

　　责任感不难定义。它指的是人人要对其行为负责，并承担其行为造成的后果。

　　责任感可能是形成文明的众多观价值观 (善良，仁慈等)中最重要的一个。没有它，就没有尊重、信任、法律——最终也就没有社会的存在。

　　作为一名警察，我的工作就是把责任感强行加到那些拒绝承担、或自己没有学会承担责任的人身上。但正如每一位警察都知道的，对人行为的外部控制远不如自我约束(如罪恶感，羞耻心和难为情)有效。

　　幸运的是，在一些区域——通常是小城镇里，学校还维护纪律，父母还坚持原则，称“有些事情在我们家是不能容忍的——你们绝不能去那样做!”

　　但在越来越多的地方，尤其是大城市和郊区，这些自我约束力日渐松懈。抢劫犯不再是你认为的'抢劫犯。他认为你的财产就是他的财产;他拿走他想要的一切，当你触怒他时，他甚至会拿走你的生命。

　　人们态度的根本变化造成了局面的完全崩溃。30年前，若有罪行发生，人们认为受害者是社会。现在，人们的态度发生了惊人的变化：最犯被认为是受害者——童年饱受贫困折磨，学校没有教他读书，教堂没有给他以道德上的引导，父母没有给他提供一个安定的家。

　　我不相信这些。同样不利的环境中长大的另外一些人为什么没有选择去犯罪?不让罪犯承担责任，甚至降低他们应承的责任，都会让我们的社会变成一个满是借口的社会，没有人愿意为任何事情承担责任。

　　美国急待更多的人相信：应该为犯罪行为负责的人是罪犯自己

　　重点句

　　A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.

　　该句意义：

　　该句首先引用名言，借用权威之口，引出了话题，并且结合作者的身份引出了下文内容。我们也可以根据此句，结合考研写作的题目改写为：

　　A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a student, I have some urgent things to say to good people.

　　习题答案

　　答案:BCAAD

　　1. What the wise man said suggests that_____.

　　1. 智者的话表明_________。

　　[A] it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil

　　[A] 面对邪恶，好人什么都不必做

　　[B] it’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it

　　[B] 若好人无动于衷，邪恶就会猖獗

　　[C] it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil

　　[C] 善自然会战胜恶

　　[D] it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil

　　[D] 好人应该远离邪恶