2018年职称英语卫生类阅读专项训练题

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2018年职称英语卫生类阅读专项训练题

　　Sleeping

　　People who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours, according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality(死亡率).

　　Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in (睡懒觉) can extend their lives by sleeping less.

　　Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for health and well-being, the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm.

　　"Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep. From a health standpoint, there is no reason to sleep longer," said Daniel Kripke, a professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at the University of California, San Diego.

　　Dr. Kripke said, "We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death. Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."

　　The scientists, who were funded by the American Cancer Society, found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night. Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study, when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.

　　Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept eight or more hours. However, an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.

　　Dr. Kripke said, "Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short- and long-duration (持续时间) sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night, until now."

　　1 More than one million Americans participated in the six-year study.

　　A Right

　　B Wrong

　　C Not mentioned

　　2 All the participants were from the state of California.

　　A Right

　　B Wrong

　　C Not mentioned

　　3 The study shows that the longer you sleep each night, the longer you'll live

　　A Right

　　B Wrong

　　C Not mentioned

　　4 The findings indicate that it is all right to sleep for 6.5 hours a night.

　　A Right

　　B Wrong

　　C Not mentioned

　　5 Most of the participants slept for 7 hours a night during the study

　　A Right

　　B Wrong

　　C Not mentioned

　　6 Sleeping for less than 5 hours each night is better than sleeping for 5 hours.

　　A Right

　　B Wrong

　　C Not mentioned

　　7 The study was the first to tell the difference between 7 and 8 hours of sleep a night.

　　A Right

　　B Wrong

　　C Not mentioned

　　【参考答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A

　　American Sports

　　The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms; organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.

　　Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.

　　Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.

　　Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and college. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.

　　Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horse race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.

　　1. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.