职称英语考试阅读判断复习巩固练习题2017
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part 1
Smoking 抽烟
Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking male s. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.
Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.
Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.
练习：
1). It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. -W
2). Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy. -R
3). Smoking may induce lung cancer. -R
4). There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. -N
5). Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. -W
6). Nicotine is poisonous. -R
7). Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe. -W
part 2
ethics 工程道德
Engineering ethics is attracting increasing interest in engineering universities throughout the nation.At Texas A&M University，evidence of this interest in professional ethics culminated in the creation of a new course in engineering ethics，as well as a project funded by the National Science Foundation to develop material for introducing ethical issues in required undergraduate engineering courses. A small group of faculty and administrators actively supported the growing effort at Texas A&M，yet this group must now expand to meet the needs of increasing numbers of students wishing to learn more about the value implications of their actions as professional engineers.
The increasing concern for the value dimension of engineering is，at least in part，a result of the attention that the media has given to cases such as the Challenger disaster，the Kansas City Hyatt-Regency Hotel walkways co11apse，and the Exxon oil spill.As a response t this concern，a new discipline，engineering ethics，is emerging.This discipline will doubtless take its place alongside such well-established fields as medical ethics，business ethics，and legal ethics.
The problem presented by this development is that most engineering professors are not prepared to introduce literature in engineering ethics into their classrooms.They are most comfortable with quantitative concepts and often do not believe they are qualified to lead class discussions on ethics.Many engineering faculty members do not think that they have the time in an already overcrowded syllabus to introduce discussions on professional ethics，or the time in their own schedules to prepare the necessary material.Hopefully，the resources presented herein will be of assistance.
练习：
1). Engineering ethics is a compulsory subject in every institute of science and technology in the United States. -N
2). The number of students wishing to take the course of engineering ethics is declining at Texas A & M University. -W
3). The National Science Foundation involves itself directly in writing up material about ethical issues. -W
4). It seems that medical ethics and business ethics are more mature than engineering ethics. -R
5). Several engineering professors have quit from teaching to protest against the creation of a new course in engineering ethics. -N
6). Many engineering professors may not have time to prepare material for class discussion on professional ethics. -R
7). It is likely that following this introductory passage, the author will provide the necessary material related to the topic of engineering ethics. -R
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