2017年职称英语理工阅读考试题及答案
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Hurricane Katrina
A hurricane is a fiercely powerful, rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1,240 miles in diameter. The term hurricane is derived from Hurican, the name of a native American storm god. Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter, known as the eye. They occur in tropical regions. Over its lifetime, one of these storms can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs.
The seed for hurricane formation5 is a cluster of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. Hurricanes can only form and be fed when the sea-surface temperature exceeds 27℃ and the surrounding atmosphere is calm. These requirements are met between June and November in the northern hemisphere.
Under these conditions, large quantities of water evaporate and condense into clouds and rain - releasing heat in the process. It is this heat energy, combined with the rotation of the Earth, that drives a hurricane.
When the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise, it causes an area of low pressure. This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area. This spinning wind drags up more moisture-laden air from the sea surface in a process that swells the storm. Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye and on the outside of the storm.
Initially, when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour, these mild, wet and grey weather systems are known as depressions. Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005. Katrina has had a devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US, leaving a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles in its wake - almost the size of the UK. Thousands have been killed or injured and more than half a million people have been displaced in a humanitarian crisis of a scale not seen in the US since the great depression. The cost of the
damage may top $100 billion.
练习：
1. What is the eye of a hurricane?
A) A native American storm god.
B) A rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1240 miles in diameter
C) A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.
D) A storm that can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs.
2. Which of the following is NOT the "requirements" mentioned in the second paragraph?
A) The tropical waters are warm and calm.
B) The sea-surface temperature exceeds 27~C.
C) There are thunderstorms over warm tropical waters.
D) The atmosphere surrounding the sea is calm.
3. Which of the following is the best explanation of the word "drive" in the third paragraph?
A) To guide, control, or direct.
B) To force to go through or push in / hammer in.
C) To supply the motive force or power and cause to function.
D) To force to move in a particular direction.
4. What does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from thesea surface?
A) High pressure
B) Low pressure.
C) Wind.
D) Cold air.
5. What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph?
A) The area affected is almost the size of the UK.
B) It left a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles.
C) Half a million people are forced to leave the area.
D) The humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression
【答案】CACBD
译文：
卡特里娜飓风
飓风是一种猛烈、强力、螺旋形式的热带风暴。直径可达124到1240英里。飓风hurricane一词是由Hurican一词衍生而来，指印第安人风暴之神的名字。飓风的特征是其中 心的无风区域，那里的气压低，直径在12到60英里之间，被称做风眼。它们在热带区域出 现。在飓风肆虐的整个过程中，有一种飓风可释放相当于1万颗核弹的能量。
飓风形成的原因是由于雷暴聚集在温暖的热带水面之上。只有当海平面的温度超过27摄氏度并且周围的空气稳定时，飓风才能形成，壮大。在六月到十一月之间的北半球这些条件可被达到。
在这种情况下，大量的水蒸气凝结成云和雨，并在此过程中释放热量。正是这些热能，加上地球的自转驱动着飓风。
当海平面的柱状暖气流首次开始上升时，它会引起一片低气压区。而这连带地形成了 风，因为空气被吸引流动进这一低气压区域。这一旋转运动的风带起了海面上更多的充满 水汽的空气。这一过程增大了暴风的威力。冷空气通过暴风中心降回海面，落到暴风外 围。
一开始，当风速达到每小时23英里时，这些温和、潮湿灰色的气候系统被称做低气压 区。2005年的8月23日，卡特里娜飓风以这种方式在巴哈马群岛东南形成。卡特里娜飓风对美国的`墨西哥湾沿岸造成了毁灭性打击。其后留下了面积为9万平方英里的受灾区域——几乎和英国的面积一样大。数以千计的人因此伤亡。五十多万人被迫离开家园，如
此大规模的人道主义危机是美国自大萧条以来还未经历过的。此次飓风造成的破坏可能超过l千亿美元。
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