2017年职称英语理工真题附答案解析
学者观书，每见每知新意则学进矣。以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2017年职称英语理工真题附答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.
A.seized B.threw C.broke D.stretched
2.Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.
A.border B.goal C.peak D.level
3.It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.
A.right B.obvious C.unbelievable D.unclear
4.I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.
A.bring B.separate C.put D.set
5.We found shelter from the rain under the trees.
A.defense B.standing C.protection D.room
6.This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.
A.open B.cruel C.sudden D.direct
7.She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A.worried B.sleepy C.offensive D.anxious
8.We have to change the public’s perception that money is everything.
A.sight B.belief C.interest D.pressure
9.The odd thing was that he didn’t recognize me.
A.real B.whole C.strange D.same
10.He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A.taught B.kept C.attracted D.changed
11.That performance was pretty impressive.
A.completely B.very C.beautifully D.equally
12.The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.
A.bottom B.surface C.top D.structure
13.She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A.passed by B.took a notice of C.woke up D.found by chance
14.“There is no other choice,” she said in a harsh voice.
A.firm B.soft C.deep D.unkind
15.I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A.about B.at C.with D.from
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker(修补)with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. “They’re thebest toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is arobotics, a person who designs, builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved - cars, trains, animals. Heput motors on Tinker toy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robotssimilar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he gotto graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset’s labmateswere working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Somerobots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲)in manydirections and travel over a lot of different types of terrain(地形). “Snakes are far moreinteresting than the cars,” Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there began developingtheir own snake robots. Choset’s team programmed robots to perform the same movementsas real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakesusually don’t, such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heartsurgeries, the doctor has to open a patient’s chest, cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform theoperation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, toinvestigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and thentested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries onpeople.
Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations, “I still don’t get bored of watching themotion of my robots,” Choset says.
16.Choset began to build robots in high school.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
17.Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
18.Choset didn’t begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at CarnegieMellon.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
19.Choset’s snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
20.The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
21.Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
22.The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit toMedrobotics.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Ecosystem
1 The word “ecosystem” is short for ecological(生态的)system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms(生物)such as plants, animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes, we are all members of an ecosystem!
2 There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest. Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation(兴居)between living and non-living things in a monitored environment, such as a zoo or garden.
3 Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem, and that’s because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow, the plants and its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals, microorganisms(微生物)and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function, and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.
4 Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things. We depend on plants and animals for food. In order for us to exist, we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species(物种), we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.
5 To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat(栖息地)of plants and animals, and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement(搬迁): imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse, overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.
23.Paragraph 2 ______
24.Paragraph 3 ______
25.Paragraph 4 ______
26.Paragraph 5 ______
A.What can we do to help protect ecosystems?
B.What are different types of ecosystems?
C.What is an ecosystem?
D.What destroys ecosystems?
E.How does an ecosystem work?
F.Why are ecosystems important?
27.In an ecosystem, plants, animals and humans live together in _________.
28.Plants are essential in an ecosystem because to other living creatures they are _________.
29.Plants, animals and humans are all effective in _________.
30.To protect our ecosystems we should not use more than _________.
A.our share of resources
B.a biological creature
C.a given area
D.the maintenance of the ecosystem
E.the source of food
F.various species
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal ofU.S. energy production; the U.S. Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing,both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sourcesamounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual U.S. energy production.
In 2000, 32 percent of U.S. oil, 35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were producedfrom federal lands, representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coalleases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of allundiscovered U.S. oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to U.S. taxpayers aswell as State governments. In 1999, for example, $553 million in oil and gas revenues were paidto the U.S. Treasury, and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, ofwhich 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energydelivery. Each year, federal land managers authorize rights of way for transmission lines, railsystems, pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands lags behind conventional energy production,though the amount is still significant. For example, federal geothermal resources produceabout 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year, 47 percent of all electricity generated fromU.S. geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower facilities produce about 17percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.
Because of the growing U.S. thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependenceon foreign oil sources, pressure on the public lands to meet U.S. energy demands isintensifying. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have beenevaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflictswith management or use of other resources, development restrictions or impact mitigationmeasures may be imposed, or mineral production may be banned altogether.
31.What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.
B.Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.
C.Public lands play an important role in energy production.
D.Public lands store huge energy resources for further development..
32.Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S.?
A.Half of U.S. energy is produced there.
B.Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.
C.Most energy resources are reserved there.
D.The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.
33.Geothermal resources, wind turbines, and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 are cited asexamples to illustrate that
A.alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production.
B.they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands.
C.geothermal resources are more important than the other two.
D.the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge.
34.There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands because
A.many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries.
B.the US is demanding more and more energy.
C.quite a few public lands are banned for energy development.
D.many Americans think public lands are being abused.
35.Public lands can be used for energy development when
A.they go through the land use planning process.
B.energy development restrictions are effective.
C.federal land managers grant permissions.
D.there is enough federal budget.
第二篇 When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world; they’re affectedby what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related wordsmore clearly than people who’ve just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on inside our head affects our senses.For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people thinkpictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France, wantedto investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals fromthe eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-level thinking processes get involved.
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, eachstudent was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then theywere told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were givenan hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment andthe other half had just eaten.
For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 wordsflashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size thatthe students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related.After each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose whichof two words they’d seen — a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Eachword appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this meansthat the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes, Radel says.
“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what theystrive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of 6 ourmotives and needs,” Radel says.
36.“Poorer children” and “hungry people” are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show
A.humans’ senses are influenced by what’s going on in their heads.
B.they have sharper senses than others.
C.they lose their senses because of poverty and hunger.
D.humans’ senses are affected by what they see with their eyes.
37.There was a delay in Radel’s experiment because
A.he needed more students to join.
B.he didn’t prepare enough food for the 42 students.
C.he wanted two groups of participants, hungry and non-hungry.
D.he didn’t want to have the experiment at noon.
38.Why did the 80 words flash so fast and at so small a size on the screen?
A.To ensure the participant was unable to perceive anything.
B.To guarantee each word came out at the same speed and size.
C.To shorten the time of the experiment.
D.To make sure the participant had no time to think consciously.
39.Radel’s experiment discovered that hungry people
A.were more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.
B.were better at identifying neutral words.
C.were always thinking of food-related words.
D.saw every word more clearly than stomach-full people.
40.It can be learnt from what Radel says that
A.humans’ thinking processes are independent of their senses.
B.an experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable.
C.humans can perceive what they need without deep thinking processes.
D.42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.
第三篇 The Development of Ballet
Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that ithas adjusted as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common forkings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music,poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones,court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented muchmovement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600sthat women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some ofthe leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself adevoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from whichall ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Balletbegan to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts ofplays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers to rise on theirtoes to make it appear that were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russiansremained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s.One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dancecompany, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chiefassistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and toinfluence new generations of dancers.
41.This passage deals mainly with
A.famous names in ballet.
B.how ballet has developed.