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2017职称英语《卫生A》概括大意专项试题与答案
概括大意
text 1
Earth Angels
(1) Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a "No Butts on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later. Joying says the buckets are full and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris (残片) .
(2) People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife.
Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.
(3) Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water, a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the "Don't Be Crude" program runs oil collection sites--tanks that hold up to 460 gallons- where people in the community can dispose of their oil.
(4) Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn't have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville,Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it." Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工) , but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars.
(5) His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 1__________.
24. Paragraph 2__________.
25. Paragraph 3 __________.
26. Paragraph 4 __________.
A. Provide clean water
B. Dig oil wells
C. Save clean water
D. Don't litter
E. Don't be crude
F. Protect wildlife
27——30完成句子
27. Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to__________.
28. People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to__________.
29. Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to__________.
30. Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream ofhelp African people to__________.
A. make new materials
B. preserve wetland and animals
C. have clean air
D. have clean water
E. collect cigarette butte
F. collect despoiled oil
text 2
A New Citizenship Test
(1) Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship (公民身份) exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (US-CIS). It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does, the new one asks why there are 13 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.
(2) "The goal is to make it more meaningful." explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US-CIS.Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better "understanding and respect" for US civic( 公民的) values, Gonzalez says.
(3) The US isn't the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a "shared commitment" from immigrants for their adopted country's "values". In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude (裸体的 ) women bathing at beaches and gay ( 同性恋的 ) men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that "newcomers will be comfortable with the country's liberal social mores (风俗) ".
(4) Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other. Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries, after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes (穆斯林聚居区) in France and the killing of Dutch public figures by religious extremists.
(5) Officials believe that a person's attachment to, a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate (同化) themselves. "Immigration is a culture war today. Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?" says Ali Noorani, of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition (难民辩护联盟) .
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 2 __________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Preparation for taking a citizenship test
B. Citizenship tests in European countries
C. Importance of promoting integration
D. Necessity to know the branches of government
E. Different views on the new citizenship test
F. Goal of the new citizenship test
27——30完成句子
27. The questions in the new citizenship test are more difficult__________.
28. Would-be immigrants to the US are expected __________.
29. In the Dutch citizenship test, all would-be immigrants are required __________.
30. Some people fear that changes in the citizenship test will do little __________.
A. to know a lot more about the county
B. to watch a video
C. to help immigrants accept the new culture
D. to marry American citizens
E. to do low-skill jobs
F. to answer
text 3
Things to Know about the U.K.
(1) From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the U.K. is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It's now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the U.K. is among the world's best.
(2) Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you're one of these people,you'd be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It's certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the U.K.
(3) Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. Where coaches and btises run on the same route,coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London's famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers.
But usually you need to give a call first. London's underground is called the Tube. It's veryconvenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.
(4) The U.K. is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour.
English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, flied eggs, black pudding, flied tomatoes, flied bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd's pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.
(5) Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends.
Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.
23. Paragraph 2__________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Education
B. People
C. Transport
D. Drinks
E. Food
F. Nightlife
27. The U.K. is a country that is __________.
28. The British people are __________.
29. Coaches in the U.K. are__________.
30. Fish and chips are__________.
A. faster but more expensive than buses
B. both ancient and modem
C. humorous and hospitable
D. cheap and efficient
E. traditional and famous
F. clever and hardworking
参考答案与解析
text 1
23.D。本文的标题是“地球天使”，主题是环保，介绍的是几个孩子如何以自己的行动来从事环保事业的。第一段主要介绍Joying Brescia这个8岁的孩子是怎样从事环保工作的。选项D(Don’t Litter)的意思是不要乱扔垃圾，最适合作为第一段的小标题。
24.F。第二段主要讲一个名叫Caner Dunham的孩子和他的伙伴如何保护一片湿地里面珍奇动物的事情。选项F的意思是“保护野生动物”，正好概括了这段的意思，所以选F。
25.E。第三段主要讲一个名叫Barbara Brow的女孩和她的朋友发现废弃的油污对土地污染严重，提醒人们不要随便丢弃油污。原文中的“Don’t Be Crude”就是这个意思，故选E。
26.A。第四段主要介绍一个名叫Ryan Hreljac的孩子用通过打零工以及其他方式筹来的钱来成立“水井基金”(Well Foundation)，帮助非洲人喝上干净的水的故事。选项A的意思是“提供清洁的水”，与本段主题一致，故选A。
27.E。题干：Joyin9把一些桶放在公共场所的目的是__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段倒数第二、三句，我们知道这些桶是用来收集烟蒂的，故选E。
28.B。题干：人们感谢Carter Dunham所做的一努力。利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段第一句，该句谈到他为保护湿地和野生动物做出了贡献，故选B。
29.A。题干：废弃的油回收后可以用来__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段，概括该段大意可知，答案应为“制作新的东西”。故选A。
30.D。题干：Ryan和他的朋友一起帮助非洲人们实现__________梦想。利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段首句，该句讲Ryan和朋友们帮非洲人喝上干净的水，故选D。
text 2
23.F。这段比较短，第一句话通过US-CIS负责人的口来讲清楚新的公民身份考试的目的。第二句话则再具体一点地解释，是为了让通过该考试的移民更好地理解和尊重美国公民的价值观。
24.B。第三段第一句话讲美国并非是唯一通过移民考试使新移民具备移入国价值观的国家。接着介绍了一些欧洲国家在这方面所做的工作。
25.C。在本段内可以找到这样一句话：“Promoting integration has become a major concem for European countries.”与选项C很接近。本段主要讲由于移民未能融入移入国的文化和社会所带来的问题，所以提高移民的融入程度十分重要。
26.E。本段提出了对公民考试的不同意见。本段第一句话是官员们的意见，接着出现了however这个词，表示转折，下面便是某些批评家的不同看法。
27.F。题干：新的公民测验中的问题更难__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的第一段，该段介绍了新的考试和以前的考试之间的区别。很明显，新的考试题目要比以前的题目难，所以填入to answer。
28.A。题干：准备移民美国的人被期望__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段末句，该句提到，通过该考试的移民对美国公民的价值观有了更好的理解和更多的尊重，也就是说他们对这个国家有了更好的了解。
29.B。题干：在荷兰的公民测验中，所有要移民的人都被要求__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段第三句，由该句可知荷兰的移民考试要求申请移民的人看一部录像。
30.C。题干：有些人担心公民测验方式的变化将__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的最后一段中“HoweveL some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate(同化)themselves.”所以答案为C。
text 3
23.B。本段的主题句为前两句，从转折后可以看出，该段每句话几乎都在讲英国人热情、好客、幽默。
24.C。文章的主题句为首句，可以看出该段讲的是在英国城内旅游非常容易，细节处则分别提到不同的交通工具。
25.E。从本段主题句为首句，可知该段讲的是英国的食物。
26.F。从本段主题句为首句，可知该段讲的是英国的夜生活。
27.B。题干：英国是一个__________国家。利用关键词可以定位到第一段里的这两句话：“…the U.K.is loaded with wonderful icons(标志)of past eras.But it has also modernized with confidence.”由此可知，英国是一个既古老又现代的国家。
28.C。题干：英国人是__________。利用关键词可以定位到第二段“You might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable.”，可知答案为C。
29.A。题干：英国的长途快车__________。利用关键词可以定位到第三段，讲英国的交通工具时，作者提到coaches are more expensive(though quicker)than buses，所以本题应选A。
30.E。题干：炸鱼和薯条是__________。利用关键词可以定位到第四段，作者讲了英国的食物。众所周知，英国的食物有名气的不多，但作者在下面两句话里还是提到了英国的传统食品中有点儿名气的一种，即fish and chips。
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