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2016年职称英语考试理工A模拟试卷及答案
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air is often the cause,
A.deliver
B.fall
C.happen
D.arrive
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：如果头疼只是在晚上发生，那么缺少新鲜的空气是原因。occur“发生”，四个选项：deliver“递送，交付”;fall“跌倒，降低”;happen“发生”;arrive“到达”。
2 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.
A.follow
B.remember
C.understand
D.learn
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：让孩子遵守规定是很难的。adhere to“遵守”，四个选项：follow“跟随，遵守”;remember“记住”;understand“理解”;learn“学习”。
3 A research center has been set up in this country.
A.praised
B.established
C.reformed
D.criticized
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：这个国家已经成立了研究中心。set up“成立，建立”，四个选项：praise“表扬”;establish“建立”;reform“改革，改造”;criticize“批评，指责”。
4 I hope that I didn’t do anything absurd last night.
A.awkward
B.strange
C.awful
D.stupid
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：我希望我昨晚没干出什么荒唐的事。absurd“荒谬的，愚蠢可笑的”，四个选项：awkward“尴尬的，笨拙的”;strange“奇怪的，陌生的”;awful“糟糕的”;stupid“愚蠢的”。
5 The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.
A.started
B.finished
C.changed
D.made
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：研究人员刚刚完成车况的研究。complete“完成”;四个选项：start“开始”;finish“完成”;change“改变”;make“制作，使得”。
6 The meaning is still obscure.
A.transparent
B.vague
C.alien
D.significant
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：含义仍然不清楚。obscure“模糊的;不清楚的”，四个选项：transparent“透明的，显而易见的”;vague“模糊的”;alien“外国的，陌生的”;significant“重要的，有意义的”。
7 I rarely play basketball.
A.normally
B.seldom
C.frequently
D.usually
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析1句意为：我很少打篮球。Rarely“很少”，四个选项：normally“正常地，常态地”;seldom“很少”;frequently“经常”;usually“通常”。
8 There is no risk to public health.
A.point
B.danger
C.chance
D.hope
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：公共安全没有任何危险。risk“危险”，四个选项：point“某一想法”;danger“危险”;chance“机会”;hope“希望”。
9 The Foreign Service is a branch of the Department of State.
A.center
B.division
C.root
D.base
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：外语服务学院是国务院的一个分支机构。branch“分支机构;枝”，四个选项： center“中心”;division“分支机构”;root“根”;base“基础”。
10 Mary is looking for the book she lost yesterday
A.trying to find
B.trying to read
C.trying to buy
D.trying to borrow
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：玛丽正在寻找她昨天丢失的书。look for“寻找”，四个选项：try to find“试图找 到”;read“阅读”;buy“购买”;borrow“借入”。
11 Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.
A.destroy
B.decrease
C.pollute
D.delay
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：倾倒的垃圾可能会污染供水。contaminate“污染”，四个选项：destroy“破坏.毁灭”;decrease“减少，降低”;pollute“污染”;delay“推迟”。
12 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.
A.advocate
B.forbid
C.inherit
D.withdraw
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：应该有法律来禁止在儿童身边吸烟。Prohibit“禁止”，四个选项：advocate“提倡”;forbid“禁止”;inherit“继承”;withdraw“收回，撤回”。
13 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and PersiA.A.expects
B.assumes
C.predicts
D.considers
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：一种理论假定古菲律宾人来自印度和波斯。postulate“假定”，四个选项：expects“预期”;assumes“假定”;predicts“预言，预测”;consider“考虑”。
14 Our English teacher is sick.
A.fat
B.weak
C.ill
D.mad
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：我们的英语老师病了。sick“生病的”，四个选项：fat“胖的”;weak“体弱的”： ill“有病的，不舒服的”;mad“发疯的”。
15 In order to survive man needs to consume food and water.
A.work
B.play
C.live
D.walk
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】句意为：为了生存，人类需要消耗食物和水。survive“幸存，活下来”，四个选项：work“工作”;play“玩耍，演奏”;live“活下来，生存”;walk“步行，散步”。
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
回答题:
E1 Nino
While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that E1 Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later E1 Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.
The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it "suggests E1 Nino is indeed predictable."
"This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods." said Weare. He added that the new method "makes it possible to predict E1 Nino at long lead times." Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.
The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance. The 1997 E1 Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium. Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England. The 1877 E1 Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said.
When E1 Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.
While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.
E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years.
The new forecasting method does not predict any major E1 Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.
16 The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance. 查看材料
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】根据第一段第一句“While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1 997 EI Nino a few months in advance，the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large EI Nino events up tO two years in advance.”可知，最远能提前到两年，而问题句说“提前几个月”，所以选B。
17 The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past E1 Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】根据第二段第一句“Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later EI Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000”可知，与问题内容一致，所以选A。
18 The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past E1 Nino occurrences.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】根据第四段最后一句“Other models also use sea-surface temperatures，but they have not looked as far back because they need other data，which is only available for recent decades，Weare said.”可知，本文并未提到题目说的内容，所以选C。
19 Weare's contribution in predicting E1 Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists,
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】根据第四段内容可知，文中并未提到Weare在预测厄尔尼诺现象方面作出了贡献，也没有提到他的贡献是否得到了其他气象学家的高度赞扬，所以选C。
20 According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】根据第六段内容“When EI Nino hit in 1991 and 1997，200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone，according to a 2002 United Nations report.”可知，题目内容错误，所以选B。
21 It takes about eight months for E1 Nino to reach its peak.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】根据第八段内容“EI Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February.”可知，EI Nino需要大约8个月达到峰值，所以选A。
22 A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 Nino.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】根据文中内容可知，文章中根本就没有提到“在美国建立一所特别的研究院”，所以选C。
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题;(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
回答题:
The Science of Sport
1. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏 ) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员 ) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to mn as fast.
2. Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds ?
3. Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.
4. Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力 ) sports and require a different parathion ( 硝苯硫磷脂 ) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.
5. But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization ( 想象 ) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.
6. But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge ? What's more, are all these advantages fair ?
23 Paragraph 2__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】第二段讲到破纪录的比赛越来越多，我们似乎更接近人类体能的极限，所以选D“运动员仍旧在破纪录”。
24 Paragraph 3__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
参考答案：E
参考解析：
【解析】第三段讲到大部分专家认为运动员的身体并未发生变化，而是科学运动使得运动员能够提高自身的表现，所以选E“科学运动有助于提高运动员的表现”。
25 Paragraph 4__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】第四段第一句讲到科学家已经发现根据运动类型改变运动员身体的需求，接着讲到这项研究已经帮助高级运动人员适应比赛项目，并满足特殊需要，所以选A“不同的运动需要不同的训练项目”。
26 Paragraph 5__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
参考答案：F
参考解析：
【解析】第五段讲到，无论在何种运动中，运动员的成功或失败都来源于体力和精神能力的配合，所以选F“精神培训和体力培训一样重要”。
27 It is more difficult for today's athletes__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】根据第二段第一句“Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance.”可知，本题选B。
28 We don't know if there is a limit__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
参考答案：F
参考解析：
【解析】根据第二段最后一句“Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds?”可知，本题选F。
29 Research has helped coaches__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】根据第三段最后一句“Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete’s body and mind”可知，本题选C。
30 Scientific advances are suspected__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
参考答案：E
参考解析：
【解析】根据第六段第一句“But as science begins to dominate sport，are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition，the sporting challenge?”可知，本题选E。
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题;(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
回答题:
The Science of Sport
1. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏 ) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员 ) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to mn as fast.
2. Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds ?
3. Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.
4. Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力 ) sports and require a different parathion ( 硝苯硫磷脂 ) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.
5. But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization ( 想象 ) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.
6. But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge ? What's more, are all these advantages fair ?
23 Paragraph 2__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】第二段讲到破纪录的比赛越来越多，我们似乎更接近人类体能的极限，所以选D“运动员仍旧在破纪录”。
24 Paragraph 3__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
参考答案：E
参考解析：
【解析】第三段讲到大部分专家认为运动员的身体并未发生变化，而是科学运动使得运动员能够提高自身的表现，所以选E“科学运动有助于提高运动员的表现”。
25 Paragraph 4__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】第四段第一句讲到科学家已经发现根据运动类型改变运动员身体的需求，接着讲到这项研究已经帮助高级运动人员适应比赛项目，并满足特殊需要，所以选A“不同的运动需要不同的训练项目”。
26 Paragraph 5__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
参考答案：F
参考解析：
【解析】第五段讲到，无论在何种运动中，运动员的成功或失败都来源于体力和精神能力的配合，所以选F“精神培训和体力培训一样重要”。
27 It is more difficult for today's athletes__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】根据第二段第一句“Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance.”可知，本题选B。
28 We don't know if there is a limit__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
参考答案：F
参考解析：
【解析】根据第二段最后一句“Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds?”可知，本题选F。
29 Research has helped coaches__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】根据第三段最后一句“Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete’s body and mind”可知，本题选C。
30 Scientific advances are suspected__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
参考答案：E
参考解析：
【解析】根据第六段第一句“But as science begins to dominate sport，are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition，the sporting challenge?”可知，本题选E。
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