2015年职称英语《综合类C级》考试教材新增
第三篇 Across the Deserts
The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara.
In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.
On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.
Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.
The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.
词汇：
stretch v. 延伸，伸展
calorie n. 卡(路里)，小卡，大卡
quit v. 停止，放
注释：
1. ... made the decision to run across ...：......决正跑步横跨......
练习：
1. It’s not always hot m the Sahara Desert.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
2. Each day the men ran for approximately eight hours.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
3. In the middle of the day: the men usually stopped running.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
4. They sometimes felt sick because it was so hot.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
5. Sometimes they couldn't see the road because it was windy.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
6. Luckily, they never got lost.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
7. On their trip across the desert: the three men ran through five countries.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
答案与题解：
1. A 文中提到撒哈拉沙漠白天很热晚上有时很冷，所以不是总是很热。题干表述正确。
2. B 文中提到三人每天从早上5点开始跑一直到上午11点，又从下午5点开始跑到晚上9点半，所以总共跑10.5个小时。题干表述不正确。
3. A 文中讲到三人上午11点停下来休息一直到下午5点再继续跑，所以在一天的中午，他们停止跑步。题干表述正确。
4. A 原文中讲到高温使他们生病。所以题干表述正确。
5. A 文中提到有时刮起大风导致他们什么也看不到，所以他们会因为起风而看不到路。题干表述正确。
6. B 文中最后一段讲到他们有一次迷路了，所以不是从来没有迷路。题干表述不正确。
7. C 文中只提到他们挎越沙漠的长度，并没有提到穿过几个国家。所以，题干表述文中没有提到。
第六篇 Native American Pottery
There are several American Indian groups in the Southwest that still make beautiful pottery. Someof this pottery may be sold at fairly high prices. But the makers consider their work as more than a commercial enterprise. By using methods handed downfor generations, the potters express their pride in their cultural inheritance.
Some of the most interesting pottery is made by the Pueblo Indians. There are 21 individual pueblos in Arizona and New Mexico. Several are famous for their craftsmanship.To make a pot, these potters use a clay base and add long thin coils of clay toit in a spiral pattern. When they have reached the size they want, they use an implement such as a rock or shell to smooth the surfaces of the pot.
How a pot is decorated and fired depends on the traditions of the group making it. Traditional pottery produced by the Acoma, who have lived for centuries on a high mesa in NewMexico, is first painted with a clay slip. The resulting pots: which are prizedfor their delicacy and strength, may be left white. They may also be painted with black and white patterns or with a combination of black, orange, and brown.
Very distinctive black pottery comes from the San Ildefonso and Santa Clara pueblos. The black coloris the result of carbon being released from the animal manure in which the potis fired. Some artisans hand –rub this ware to a shiny gloss. Others cut patterns into it: resulting in a part shiny: part fiat surface. Potters at SailIldefonso make many types of wares. Potters at Santa Clara are especially known for wedding jars-jars with two necks connected by a handle.
Other groups such as the Hopi and the Cochiti also make pottery. Each group uses distinctive methods and produces distinctive forms and designs.
词汇：
pottery n. 陶器
distinctive adj. 特别的，有特色的
enterprise n. 事业，产业，实业
inheritance n. 遗产
manure n. 肥料，粪肥
craftsmanship n. 手艺
artisan n. 精美，精致
注释：
1.... handed down for generations… ……世代相传……
2.…hand-rub this ware to a shiny gloss… ……亲手揉搓罐子表面，使它光泽平滑……
练习：
1.In the first paragraph the word “commercial” means_________.
A.having to do with advertising products on TV
B.having to do with advertising products on TV
C.large- scale
D.artistic
2.The second paragraph in the passage is developed mainly through_________.
A.steps in a process
B.description of objects
C.the telling of a story
D.examples
3.The Sail Ildefonso pueblo is known for_________.
A.black pottery
B.wedding jars
C.thin and delicate shapes
D.black, brown, and orange pots
4.Traditional methods of making pottery_________.
A.are rarely used anymore
B.take a lot of time
C.are not of interest to pottery collectors
D.will soon be complete replaced
5.Another good title for this passage would be_________.
A.How to Make a Pot
B.Living on a High Mesa
C.The Indians of Arizona and New Mexico
D.An Old Art Still Practiced
答案与题解：
1. B 前文提到一些陶器会以高价卖出，可以推测commercial在这里的意思是买卖交易。所以，答案是选项B。
2. A 第二段主要讲制作一个罐子的步骤，不是在对罐子的形态进行描述，也没有讲具体的例子或者故事。所以，答案是选项A。
3. A 第四段第一句话提到具有特色的黑色陶器是有圣伊尔德丰索部落的普韦布洛人制作的，最后一句提到圣克拉拉部落的陶器尤其以他的婚礼罐子闻名，选项C、D与题干无关，所以答案是选项A。
4. B 根据文中制作的陶器的过程可以推测出制作陶器的过程很复杂因而费时，选项A、C、D文中均有提及，故可排除。
5. D 本文主要介绍了美国本土一些印第安部落的陶器特点及制作过程。选项A过于片面，选项B、C 与文章主旨无关，因此答案是选项D。
第三篇 The Value of Tears
Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. However,crying is a fact of life…and tears are veryuseful. (1)These create a film over the eye's surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection.
Tears relieve stress,but we tend to fight them for all sortsof reasons. "People worry about showing their emotions. They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,”explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe. (2) As adults we still fear the consequences of showing emotions.”
Almost any emotion—good or bad, happy or sad—can cause tears. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. (3)
When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling shock,anger, fear, or grief, but they repress the emotion. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says psychotherapist Vera Diamond. Sometimes in therapy sessions, patients participate in crying exercise (4) Diamond says it’s best to cry in safe, private places,like under the bed coversor in the car. That’s because many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. In fact,they may be repressing their own need to cry.
In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. (5) “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don't just cry,” Diamond says, she suggests that you act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released thestress, you can begin to think of logical way to deal with the problem.”
Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry.
词汇：
make-up n. 化妆(品)
psychotherapist n. 心理治疗师
runny nose 流鼻涕
infection n. 感染，传染
release v. 释放
built up 组合的，拼合的
注释：
1. …create a film over the eye’s surface ：……在眼睛的表面形成一层薄膜。
2. …get it back…：……恢复……
3. …act out the wholesituation again…： ……整个场景重现……
练习：
A It may explain why people who areafraid tocry often suffer more heart attacksthan people cry more freely.
B It’s good to hold backtears during a tense business discussion.
C Crying has good effects on the body.
D Even when you're not crying, your eyes producetears.
E They practice crying so that they can get used toexpressing emotion.
F As children we were sometimes punished for shedding tears or expressing anger.
答案与题解：
1. D 此空的上一句讲到眼泪很有用，后一句讲到眼泪的.具体用处，并且句首是these，所以所填的这句应该有眼泪，根据上下文只有选项D最适合。选项C与前一句话意思重复。
2. F 下文提到作为成人，我们仍然害怕流泪，所填的这句应该讲我们还是孩子时对流泪的恐惧。所以，答案是选项F。
3. A 上文讲到哭能够帮助我们发泄心中的强烈情感，所以经常哭的人会比不常哭的人获得某种益处，根据上下文，只有选项A比较贴切。
4. E 上文提到患者要练习哭，这里应该讲练习哭的原因。所以，答案是选项E。
5. B 上一句提到在某些场合哭是不合适的，所以此处也应该具体解释不适合哭的场景，答案是选项B。