英语阅读练习专项训练题

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英语阅读练习专项训练题

　　英语阅读理解练习题(一)

　　Not long after the telephone wasinvented, I assume, a call was placed. The caller was a parent saying, “yourchild is bullying my child, and I want it stopped!” The bully's parent replied,“you must have the wrong number. My child is a little angel.”

　　A trillion phonecalls later, the conversation is the same. When children are teased ortyrannized, the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant. But these days,as studies in the U.S. show bullying on the rise and parental supervision onthe decline, researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads ismore futile than ever. Such calls often lead to playground recriminations anddon't really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world andresolve conflicts.

　　When you callparents, you want them to “extract the cruelty” from their bullying children,says Laura Kavesh, a child psychologist in Evanston, Illinois. “But manyparents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel. They won?tbelieve it.” In a recent police?department survey in Oak Harbor, Washington,89% of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior.Yet only 18% of parents thought their children would act as bullies.

　　In a new U.S.PTAsurvey, 5% of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying.But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted, causingtempers to flare. Instead, they say, parents should get objective outsiders, likeprincipals, to mediate.

　　Meanwhile, ifyou get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying, listenwithout getting defensive. That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley,California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-year-old son had spitin another boy's food.Her son had confessed, but the victim's mom “wanted tomake sure my son hadn't given her son a nasty disease,” says McHugh, whoapologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases. Sheknew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote, but her promisecalmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his bad behaviour was beingtaken seriously. McHugh, founder of Parents Coach Kids, a group that teachesparenting skills, sent the mom the test results. All were negative.

　　Remember: onceyou make a call, you might not like what you hear. If you have an itchy dialingfinger, resist temptation. Put it in your pocket. [419 words]

　　1.The word“bullying” probably means______.

　　[A] frighteningand hurting [B] teasing

　　[C] behavinglike a tyrant [D] laughing at

　　2. Calling to abully's parent.______.

　　[A]has longexisted but changed its content [B]is often done with careful thinking

　　[C]often leadsto blaming and misunderstanding [D]is used to warn the child not to do it again

　　3. According tothe surveys in the U.S., _______.

　　[A] bullyingamong adults is also rising

　　[B] parents arenot supervising their children well

　　[C] parentsseldom believe bullies

　　[D] most parentsresort to calling to deal with bullying

　　4. When bullyingoccurs, parents should_______.

　　[A] help thebulling child get rid of cruelty [B] resort to the mediator

　　[C] avoidgetting too protective [D] resist the temptation of calling

　　5.Laura McHughpromised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because________.

　　[A] her sonconfessed to being wrong [B] she was afraid to annoy the boy's parent

　　[C]he was likelyto be affected by these diseases[D]she wanted to teach her own son a lesson

　　英语阅读理解练习题(二)

　　Many peoplethink that information technology and biotechnology will rule the 21st century.Robert Birge, a chemist at the University of Connecticut, is trying to combinethem, by making computer memories out of protein.

　　The protein inquestion is bacteriorhodopsin (bR), a molecule that undergoes a structuralchange when it absorbs light. By using genetic engineering to tweak wild bRfrom a bacterium called Halobacterium salinarum, Dr Birge and his colleagueshave made a variety of the molecule that they claim is well-suited to act as anelement of a computer’s memory. Hit with a green light, it adopts one shape.Hit subsequently with a red light, it twists itself into another. Then, if hitwith blue light, it resets itself into its original state.

　　To make a memoryfrom the protein, Dr Birge suspends elements made from it in a transparentplastic cube known as a cuvette. A pair of lasers arranged at right angles toone another write data into the cuvette by shining in turn on"slices" through the plastic matrix. The first laser, which producesgreen light, sweeps the whole cuvette, causing its protein contents to take ona shape that (in binary code) is designated as "zero". The secondlaser, which produces red light, then stimulates particular sites to take thesecond shape. This corresponds to "one" in binary code. Once thelasers are switched off, data recorded this way will, according to Dr Birge,remain stable for more than 12 years.

　　To read thestored data, a low-powered red laser is shone slice by slice through thecuvette. This does not disturb the conformation of the protein molecules; butthose in state "zero" absorb light at this wavelength. A machineplaced behind the cuvette detects this absorption pattern and translates itinto the appropriate string of ones and zeroes. Once the contents have beenread into a more conventional storage device, the cuvette can be wiped cleanand reset by illuminating it with a blue laser.

　　Dr Birge saysthat each cuvette can now hold about seven gigabytes of data (a small laptopcomputer might have about this much space on its hard drive). He hopes to boostthat figure to ten gigabytes by finding a better-performing variety of theprotein. Only those with deep pockets, however, could afford the $25,000 costof each device.

　　Luckily for DrBirge, the deep-pocketed American air force thinks that bR cuvettes could be agood way to equip its aircraft and satellites with light, high-density devicesto store the mountains of images collected during reconnaissance missions. Aprotein-based memory is particularly suitable for this, because the bR moleculeis robust enough to withstand the barrage of radiation from space that wreakshavoc on conventional magnetic-memory devices operating at high altitude.

　　1. What is the passage mainly about?

　　[A]What willrule the 21st century.

　　[B]How bacterialprotein can be used in computers.

　　[C]What we canget from bacterial protein.

　　[D]How to makebacterial protein.

　　2. The application of bR turns out tobe___________.

　　[A]verytrustworthy

　　[B]rathersuperficial

　　[C]somewhat contradictory

　　[D]quiteencouraging

　　3. The basic problem of applying bR tocomputer lies in ____________.

　　[A]limited spaceon hard drive

　　[B]itscomplexity

　　[C]its highprice

　　[D]its limitedusers

　　4. Which of the following is not theadvantage of bR?

　　[A]Working athigher altitude.

　　[B]Light weight.

　　[C]High density.

　　[D]Safe fromstrong radiation.

　　5. Which of the following is trueaccording to the text?

　　[A]bR has a widevariety of application in life.

　　[B]The proteinmolecules have stable characteristics.

　　[C]The datarecorded with bR can be kept for a long time.

　　[D]The newdevice will replace conventional storage device.

　　英语阅读理解练习题(三)

　　Assistants in record shops are used to receiving "humming queries": a customer comes into the store humming a song he wants, but cannot remember either the title or the artist. Knowledgeable staff are often able to name that tune and make a sale. Hummers, though, can be both off-key and off-track. Frequently, therefore, the cash register stays closed and the customer goes away disappointed. A new piece of software may change this. If Online Music Recognition and Searching (OMRAS) is successful, it will be possible to hum a half-remembered tune into a computer and get a match.

　　OMRAS, which has just been unveiled at the International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, in Paris, is the brainchild of a group of researchers from the Universities of London, Indiana and Massachusetts. Music-recognition programs exist already, of course. Mobile-phone users, for instance, can dial into a system called Shazam, hold their phones to a source of music, and then wait for the title and artist to be texted back to them.

　　Shazam and its cousins work by matching sounds directly to recordings, several million of them, stored in a central database. For Shazam to make a match, though, the music source must be not just similar to, but actually identical with, one of the filed recordings. OMRAS, by contrast, analyses the music. That means it can make a match between different interpretations of the same piece. According to Mark Sandler, the leader of the British side of the project, the program would certainly be able to match performances of the same work by an amateur and a professional pianist. It should also pass the humming-query test.

　　The musical analysis performed by OMRAS is unlike any that a musicologist would recognise. A tune is first digitised, so that it can be processed. It is then subject to such mathematical indignities as wavelet decomposition, multi-resolution Fourier analysis, polyphase filtering and discrete cosine transformation. The upshot is a mathematical model of the sound that contains the essence of the original, without such distractions as style and quality. That essence can then be compared with a library of known essences and a match made. Unlike Shazam, only one library reference per tune is needed.

　　So far, Dr Sandler and his colleagues have been restricted to modelling classical music. Their 3,000-strong database includes compositions by Bach, Beethoven and Mozart. Worries about copyright mean that they have not yet gained access to company archives of pop music, though if the companies realise that the consequence of more humming queries being answered is more sales, this may change. On top of that, OMRAS could help to prevent accidental copyright infringements, in which a composer lifts somebody else's work without realising his inspiration is second-hand. Or, more cynically, it will stop people claiming that any infringement was accidental. There is little point in doing that when a quick check on the Internet could have set your mind at rest that your magnum opus really was yours.

　　1. The passage is mainly__________.

　　[A] a comparison of two music-recognition programs

　　[B] an introduction of a new software

　　[C] a survey of the music recognition and searching market

　　[D] an analysis of the functions of music recognition softwares

　　2. According to the author, one of the distinctive features of OMRAS is________.

　　[A] its ability to analyze music

　　[B] its large database

　　[C] its matching speed

　　[D] its ability to match music of different pieces

　　3. The word “upshot” (Line 4, Paragraph 4) most probably means_________.

　　[A] last step